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Articles

Revision of the fungivorous genus Oxyporus (s. str.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae) of Japan, with preliminary analysis of host relationships, species richness and zoogeography

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Pages 87-150 | Accepted 08 Mar 2024, Published online: 10 May 2024
 

Summary

The Japanese members of the genus Oxyporus (s. str.) are revised. Eleven species are recognised as follows: O. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) [O. tosensis Takeuchi, 1941, n. syn.; O. rufus osawai Nakane & Sawada, 1956, n. syn.], O. maxillosus Fabricius, 1793 [O. kobayashii Hayashi, 2015, n. syn.], O. niger Sharp, 1889, O. japonicus Sharp, 1889, O. triangulum Sharp, 1889, O. parcus Sharp, 1889, O. maculiventris Sharp, 1889 [O. aokii R. Dvořák, 1956, n. syn.], O. imitator Nakane & Sawada, 1956, O. crocatus Fauvel, 1901 [O. lewisi basicornis Cameron, 1930, n. syn.], O. germanus Sharp, 1889, and O. basiventris Jarrige, 1948. Lectotypes of O. japonicus Sharp, 1889, O. parcus Sharp, 1889, O. maculiventris Sharp, 1889, O. crocatus Fauvel, 1901 and O. lewisi Cameron, 1930 are designated. All species are redescribed with illustrations of the taxonomically important characters and photographs of the habitus. An identification key for Japanese Oxyporus (s. str.) species is provided. Oxyporus maxillosus is recorded from Rishiri-tô island for the first time as the first representative of the genus from the island. Furthermore, O. imitator is newly recorded from Shikoku and Kyushu. Host fungi information is contributed. Analyses based on the information revealed the low host similarities among species. The study also tests the distribution patterns of each species and the faunistic endemism within Japan, based on the taxonomic framework constructed herein. It elucidated the following: (1) faunal distinctions exist between Hokkaido and south of the Honshu; (2) 10 species are sympatrically distributed in Honshu and Shikoku, and nine in Kyushu; (3) although species richness in Japan is highest in Far East Asia, only O. imitator is endemic; (4) the region with highest similarity to Japan is calculated to be the Korean Peninsula. A comparison of Oxyporus fauna across the regions of East Asia suggests that it is necessary to conduct further comprehensive taxonomic studies. Additionally, it is hypothesised that multiple Japanese Oxyporus species can occur sympatrically because of the existence of reproductive isolation due to differences in the hosts used. A checklist of the Oxyporinae of the World is provided in the appendix.

Résumé

Révision et analyse faunistique du genre fongivore Oxyporus (s. str.) (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Oxyporinae) au Japon, avec analyse préliminaire des relations avec ses hôtes, de la richesse spécifique et de la zoogéographie. Les espèces japonaises du genre Oxyporus (s. str.) sont révisées. Onze espèces sont reconnues : O. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) [O. tosensis Takeuchi, 1941, n. syn. ; O. rufus osawai Nakane & Sawada, 1956, n. syn.], O. maxillosus Fabricius, 1793 [O. kobayashii Hayashi, 2015, n. syn.], O. niger Sharp, 1889, O. japonicus Sharp, 1889, O. triangulum Sharp, 1889, O. parcus Sharp, 1889, O. maculiventris Sharp, 1889 [O. aokii R. Dvořák, 1956, n. syn.], O. imitator Nakane & Sawada, 1956, O. crocatus Fauvel, 1901 [O. lewisi basicornis Cameron, 1930, n. syn.], O. germanus Sharp, 1889, et O. basiventris Jarrige, 1948. Les lectotypes de O. japonicus Sharp, 1889, O. parcus Sharp, 1889, O. maculiventris Sharp, 1889, O. crocatus Fauvel, 1901 et O. lewisi Cameron, 1930 sont désignés. Toutes les espèces sont redécrites, accompagnées d’illustrations des caractères taxonomiquement importants et de photographies d'habitus. Une clé d'identification pour les espèces japonaises d'Oxyporus (s. str.) est fournie. Oxyporus maxillosus est signalé pour la première fois sur l'île de Rishiri-tô et constitue le premier représentant du genre sur l'île. En outre, O. imitator est signalé à Shikoku et Kyushu pour la première fois. Des informations sur les champignons-hôtes sont fournies. Les analyses basées sur ces informations ont révélé les faibles similitudes d'hôtes entre les espèces. L'étude teste également les schémas de distribution de chaque espèce et l'endémisme faunistique au Japon, en se basant sur le cadre taxonomique construit ici. Elle a permis de préciser les points suivants (1) des distinctions faunistiques existent entre Hokkaido et le sud de Honshu ; (2) dix espèces sont réparties de manière sympatrique à Honshu et Shikoku, tandis que neuf le sont à Kyushu ; (3) bien que la richesse des espèces soit la plus élevée en Asie de l'Extrême-Orient, seul O. imitator est endémique ; (4) la plus grande similarité de la faune japonaise est avec celle de la péninsule coréenne. Les résultats de la comparaison de la faune d'Oxyporus entre les régions d'Asie de l'Est suggèrent qu'il est nécessaire de mener des études taxonomiques plus approfondies. En outre, on suppose que plusieurs espèces japonaises d'Oxyporus sont réparties de manière sympatrique en raison de l'existence d'un isolement reproductif dû à des différences dans les hôtes utilisés. Une liste des Oxyporinae du monde est fournie en annexe.

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my hearty thanks to Dr Maxwell V. L. Barclay, Mr Keita Matsumoto (both NHML), Dr Masahiro Ôhara (HUMJ), Mr Keisuke Tsuchiya (KCMH), Ms Yumi Fujinaka (AKPM), Dr Shûji Watanabe (IPMM), Dr Shûhei Nomura (NSMT), Dr Shigehiko Shiyake, Dr Rikio Matsumoto (both OMNH), Mr Shigetomi Matsuno (WMNH), Dr Yûichi Okushima, Ms Sanae Kanda (both KURA), Mr Tadashi Okamoto (KMIK), Dr Masakazu Hayashi (HOWP), Dr Kazuhiko Konishi, Dr Hiroyuki Yoshitomi (both EUMJ), Dr Munetoshi Maruyama, and Mr Tsubasa Nozaki (both KUMJ) for giving an opportunity to examine the specimens and/or their support of collection visiting; Dr Yvonnick Gerard (RBINS), Mr Michael Schülke (Museum für Naturkunde Berlin), Ms Alexandra Tokareva (Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University), Dr Shûhei Yamamoto (HUMJ), and Dr Fa-Ke Zheng (Life Science College, China West Normal University) for providing important papers and/or photographs of type specimens; Dr Masahiro Sakai and Dr Hiroyuki Yoshitomi (both EUMJ) for reviewing the draft of this paper and their kind help in various ways; Ms Maho Suyama (Shôbara City) for helping review the English language. I appreciate Mr Yoshifumi Akiyama (HIWA), Dr Kiyoshi Ando (Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, Ehime University), Mr Takaaki Aono, Ms Ai Katô, Mr Haruki Suenaga, Mr Akihiko Watanabe (all Kurashiki City), Mr Shûhei Fuda (Ibaraki Prefectural Government), Mr Hirokazu Fukutomi, Mr Kôhei Watanabe (both Ishikawa Insect Museum, Hakusan), Dr Changdo Han (Korea University), Mr Yûsuke Hara (Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Ehime University), Mr Yasuhiko Hayashi (Kawanishi City), Dr Sadatomo Hisamatsu (University of Human Environments, Okazaki), Mr Yu Hisasue, Mr Naomichi Tsuji (both Japan Wildlife Research Center), Mr Shigehisa Hori (Hokkaido Museum), Mr Shunsuke Imada (Lake Biwa Museum), Mr Tateo Ito (Yahata City), Mr Tatsuya Kai (West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc.), Mr Akira Kashizaki (Sapporo City), Mr. Yûji Katayama (Hiroshima City), Dr Takanobu Kitano (Shizuoka City), Ms Eri Koike (Imabari City), Dr Takashi Kurihara (Tochigi Prefectural Museum), Mr Keita Kuroda (Laboratory of Systematic Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University), Mr Susumu Mastuo (Nagasaki Prefectural Government), Mr Kôhei Nakao (Kobe City), Mr Kazunari Nakano, Mr Osamu Yamaji (both Okayama City), Mr Katsuyuki Nakata (Kanazawa City), Mr Ryôhei Nitta (Takahashi City), Mr Yuito Ôbae (Tottori City), Dr Ryô Ogawa (Ehime Prefectural Government), Mr Ryôsuke Okano (IDEA Consultants, Inc.), Mr Tomohide Ôno (Ôbu City), Mr Shôma Sejima (Nikko City), Dr So Shimizu (Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kôbe University), Mr Kazuki Sugaya (Bioindicator Co., Ltd.), Dr Keizo Takasuka (Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University), Mr Kazushige Uemori (Laboratory of Ecohydorology, Kyushu University Forest), Dr Junsuke Yamasako (National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences), Mr Shinji Yano (Omogo Mountain Museum, Kumakôgen), and Mr Kazuki Yoshida (Tokyo) for offering specimens, introducing biological information, and/or supporting field surveys. I also sincerely appreciate the editors and anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Last, but not least, I am greatly indebted to Dr Nobuo Ohbayashi (EUMJ), late Mr Narumi Kanazawa (Retired President of the Hiba Society of Natural History), late Dr Shingo Nakamura, Mr Masaki Shindô, Mr Takanori Miyanaga, Ms Miyuki Kuraoka (all HIWA), Ms Moemi Kurisu (Hiroshima City), Ms Sachiko Senda, Mr Hiromasa Senda, and Ms Keiko Senda (all Kurashiki City) for their advice, guidance and constant encouragement in my study.

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