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Abstract
The world’s oceans face total ecological collapse by 2048 if the fishing industries’ extraction is not reined in. At the helm of the ocean crisis have been fisheries management regimes built upon the logic of the tragedy of the commons, which interpret resource depletion as being driven by human self-interest, and then propose market-based policy solutions. This comparative case study tests the generalizability of the tragedy of the commodity, a political economic theory of fishery collapse that challenges the tragedy of the commons by applying it to the case of the 1992 Newfoundland cod fishery collapse. A model for incorporating a distinct analysis of state structures, actions, and interests is then proposed.
Acknowledgements
This research was done as part of my honours thesis at the University of Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. I would like to express my gratitude to my honours supervisor, Dr. William K. Carroll, who provided invaluable feedback throughout the process of doing this research.
Disclosure statement
The author reports that there are no competing interests to declare.
Notes
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2 Clausen and Clark, “Metabolic Rift and Marine Ecology.”
3 Shiffman, “Predatory Fish Have Declined.”
4 Worm et al., “Impacts of Biodiversity Loss.”
5 Houghton, “Balancing the Global Carbon Budget.”
6 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity, 51.
7 Ragin, Comparative Method.
8 Hardin, “Tragedy of the Commons.”
9 Hannesson, Privatization of the Ocean.
10 Bavington, Dean, Managed Annihilation; Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
11 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity, 98.
12 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
13 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
14 Bavington, Managed Annihilation; Jacques and Lobo, “Shifting Context of Sustainability.”
15 Jacques and Lobo, “Shifting Context of Sustainability.”
16 Skern-Mauritzen et al., “Ecosystem Processes.”
17 Molua, Role and Meaning.
18 Molua, Role and Meaning.
19 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future.
20 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future.
21 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future.
22 Foster, Marx’s Ecology.
23 Foster, Marx’s Ecology; Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
24 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity; Longo and Clausen, “Tragedy of the Commodity”; Longo, “Global Sushi.”
25 Longo and Clark, “Commodification of Bluefin Tuna,” 208–10.
26 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
27 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
28 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity; Longo and Clausen, “Tragedy of the Commodity”; Longo, “Global Sushi.”
29 Longo, “Global Sushi.”
30 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
31 Longo and Clark, “Commodification of Bluefin Tuna.”
32 Longo, “Global Sushi.”
33 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity; Telesca, Red Gold.
34 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
35 Telesca, Red Gold.
36 Telesca, Red Gold.
37 Telesca, Red Gold, 218.
38 Sumaila, “Fish Called Subsidy.”
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41 Sumaila et al., “Updated Estimates.”
42 Institute for European Environmental Policy, Subsidies to the European Union.
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44 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future, 101.
45 Innis, Cod Fisheries.
46 Reid, “Doctrine of Discovery.”
47 Steinberg, Social Construction of the Ocean.
48 Innis, Cod Fisheries.
49 Easterbrook and Aitken, Canadian Economic History.
50 Easterbrook and Aitken, Canadian Economic History; Innis, Cod Fisheries.
51 Innis, Cod Fisheries.
52 Steinberg, Social Construction of the Ocean.
53 McGuire, “Last Northern Cod.”
54 Kulka, History and Description.
55 ICNAF became the North American Fisheries Organization (NAFO) in 1979. NAFO, “International Commission.”
56 McGuire, “Last Northern Cod.”
57 McGuire, “Last Northern Cod”; Kulka, History and Description.
58 Foley, “Social-Ecological Reproduction.”
59 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
60 Canada, DFO, Northern Cod.
61 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
62 Blades, Net Destruction.
63 Foley, “Social-Ecological Reproduction,” 552.
64 Hutchings and Myers, “What Can Be Learned.”
65 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
66 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
67 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
68 Hutchings and Myers, “What Can Be Learned.”
69 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
70 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
71 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth, 99.
72 Telesca, Red Gold.
73 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
74 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
75 Blades, Net Destruction; McGuire, “Last Northern Cod.”
76 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future.
77 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
78 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future.
79 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
80 Longo and Clark, “Commodification of Bluefin Tuna.”
81 Finlayson, Fishing for Truth.
82 Bavington, Managed Annihilation.
83 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity.
84 Longo, Clausen, and Clark, Tragedy of the Commodity, 196.
85 United Nations, “Tackling Biodiversity.”
86 Jessop, State: Past, Present, Future, 244.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Felix Morrow
Felix Morrow is a Master’s student in the Department of Sociology at the Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, and is also a researcher at the marine conservation group OceansAsia.