The Demands of Moderation, a Review of Xenophon’s Socratic Rhetoric: Virtue, Eros, and Philosophy in the Symposium, by Dustin Gish, Lexington Books, 2022

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Notes

1 Xenophon, Memorabilia I 6. 14.

2 Dante, The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: “Paradiso,” edited and translated by Robert Durling (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 349 (XVI. 128, 133–134).

3 Ernest L. Fortin, Dissent and Philosophy in the Middle Ages: Dante and his Precursors, translated by Marc A. LePain (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2002), 121; See, for example, Inferno IX. 62–63, Purgatorio VIII. 20. Dante acknowledges the need to speak “that truth which has the face of a falsehood.” See Dante, The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: “Inferno,” edited and translated by Robert Durling (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 253 (Inferno XVI. 124).

4 Dustin Gish, Xenophon’s Socratic Rhetoric: Virtue, Eros, and Philosophy in the “Symposium” (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2023), 33, 35, 83–86, 90–91. Subsequent references appear within the text.

5 Leo Strauss, The City and Man (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964), 52.

6 Strauss, The City and Man, 20.

7 Strauss, “What Is Liberal Education” in Liberalism, Ancient and Modern (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), 7.

8 Plato Republic 518c8-9.

9 Gish cites Bruell on Strauss. Christopher Bruell, “Foreword,” in Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the “Oeconomicus” (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970). (Reprinted by South Bend: St. Augustine’s Press, 1998).

10 Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 17.

11 Strauss, “The Problem of Socrates,” Interpretation 22, no. 3 (1995): 319–38. Strauss says that Xenophon’s Socrates is less eusunoptos than Plato’s.

12 Strauss, “Restatement on Xenophon’s Hiero,” in On Tyranny (New York: The Free Press, 1991), 206.

13 Strauss, “What Is Liberal Education?,” 7.

14 Ibid.

15 Strauss, “What Is Liberal Education?,” 7–8.

16 Strauss, “What Is Liberal Education?,” 8.

17 Strauss, “The Problem of Socrates: Five Lectures,” in The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism, Selected and Introduced by Thomas L. Pangle (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), 142.

18 Allen E. Buchanan, Better Than Human (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011). It is an impetus present at the inception of modern science. Bacon writes that “The task of human Power is to generate and superinduce on a given body a new nature or new natures.” Francis Bacon, The New Organon, translated by Michael Silverthorne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 102 (II. 1).

19 Strauss, “What Is Liberal Education?,” 8.