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Research Article

Effects of fire smoke on soil microorganisms: results of a modelling experiment

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 20 Jul 2023, Accepted 21 Mar 2024, Published online: 28 Mar 2024
 

ABSTRACT

Wildfires are widespread and have major effects on ecosystems. The sensitivity of soil microorganisms to smoke was studied in experimental conditions using smoke generated from burning pine sawdust. High concentrations of toxicants such as NO (40 mg/m3), NO2 (60 mg/m3), CO (3570 mg/m3), C2H4O (241 mg/m3), CH2O (9.5 mg/m3), C6H6O (4.4 mg/m3), and C6H14 (238 mg/m3) were measured in the smoke. Reduced abundance of Azotobacter chroococcum by 9–62% and of microscopic fungi by 25–57% was found when the soil was treated with smoke for 30–120 min. The abundance of soil microorganisms after exposure to smoke depended on time. Several species of soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia inaequalis, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium graminearum, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhodotorula rubra, Lipomyces starkeyi), and bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Streptomyces violaceus, Kocuria rosea) were studied. The lowest smoke exposure time at which growth inhibition was registered was 1–5 min. The effect of smoke on the enzymatic activity of Haplic Chernozem soils was also evaluated. Catalase activity was found to decrease by 25%, and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase by 15% and 33%, respectively. High smoke toxicity contributed to changes in microbial abundance and enzymatic activity.

Résumé

Les feux de forêts sont répandus et ont des effets importants sur les écosystèmes. La sensibilité à la fumée des microorganismes du sol a été étudiée sous conditions expérimentales en utilisant de la fumée générée par le brûlage de bran de scie de pin. De fortes concentrations d’éléments toxiques ont été mesurées dans la fumée : NO (40mg/m3), NO2 (60mg/m3), CO (3570mg/m3), C2H4O (241mg/m3), CH2O (9.5mg/m3), C6H6O (4.4mg/m3), et C6H14 (238mg/m3). L’abondance d’Azotobacter chroococcum était réduite de 9-62% et celle de champignons microscopique de 25-57% quand le sol était exposé à la fumée pendant 30-120min. L’abondance de microorganismes du sol après exposition à la fumée dépendait du temps. Plusieurs espèces de champignons du sol (Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia inaequalis, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium graminearum, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhodotorula rubra, Lipomyces starkeyi) et de bactéries (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Streptomyces violaceus, Kocuria rosea) ont été étudiées. Le temps d’exposition à la fumée le plus court causant l’inhibition était de 1-5min. L’effet de la fumée sur l’activité enzymatique des chernozems hapliques a aussi été évaluée. L’activité de la catalase, de la peroxydase et de la polyphénol oxydase était réduite de 25%, 15% et 33%, respectivement. La haute toxicité de la fumée entraîne des changements d’abondance microbienne et d’activité enzymatique.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. FENW-2023-0008).

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