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ABSTRACT
The 1980s was marked by the emergence of new cinematic forms in Turkey, including films concerning issues related to various forms of women’s oppression involving sexual objectification, rape, and subordination. Through a close textual analysis, this article discusses how the 1982 film Iffet attempts to create a rape–revenge story, romanticizing sexual aggression against women through hysterization of the protagonist. This study examines the film’s representation of the concepts of patriarchy, honor, virginity, and hegemonic masculinity within Turkey’s socio-political atmosphere in the 1980s. Mulvey’s feminist film theory and Brownmiller’s description of rape myths were used for the analysis.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 Arat, “Toward a Democratic Society.”
2 Brownmiller, Against Our Will, and Mulvey, “Visual Pleasure.”
3 Serisier, “Speaking Out.”
4 Brownmiller, Against Our Will, and Kopytowska, “Xenophobia.”
5 Canan and Levand, “A Feminist Perspective.”
6 Canning, “Who’s Human?”
7 Ozyegin, “Sexual Freedom.”
8 Ibid.
9 Tekeli, “Turkish Women’s Movement.”
10 Kuloglu, “Women in Turkish Erotic Movies.”
11 Ekici, “1980-1990 arası Türk Sinemasında.”
12 Sayari, “Political Violence.”
13 Atakav, Women and Turkish Cinema.
14 Wambach, “Trauma Cinema.”
15 Ozen, “Changes in Representations.”
16 Göle, Modern Mahrem-Medeniyet ve Örtünme, 74–75.
17 Akyurt, “Feminist Eleştiri Bağlaminda.”
18 Atakav, Women and Turkish Cinema.
19 Mulvey, “Notes on Sirk.”
20 Akser, “Women and Turkish Cinema.”
21 Yapici, “Changing Perspectives.”
22 Gürkan, “The Status of Women.”
23 Abisel, Türk sineması üzerine yazılar.
24 Süalp and Bayrakdar, “The Glorified Lumpen,” 228.
25 Atakav, Women and Turkish Cinema.
26 Kırel, “İffet’inin Peşinde.”
27 Pehlivan, “Yeşilçam Melodramatic Imagination.”
28 Mulvey, Visual and Other Pleasures.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid., 88.
31 Brownmiller, Against Our Will.
32 Mulvey, Visual Pleasure Narrative Cinema, 27.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid., 29.
35 Mulvey, “Notes on Sirk.”
36 Mulvey, “Notes on Sirk.”
37 Ibid.
38 Mulvey, Visual Pleasure Narrative Cinema.
39 Snead, “Viewership,” 53.
40 Gerbner, “Living with Television.”
41 Inal, “The (Re)Production.”
42 Kırel, “İffet’inin Peşinde.”
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Nisan Ilkmen
Nisan Ilkmen, Ph.D., LMFT, is a Clinical Training Director and Assistant Professor at Northern Illinois University, department of Marriage and Family Therapy. Dr. Ilkmen’s teaching and clinical interests are related to attachment in romantic relationships and issues of social justice in the field of psychotherapy. Dr. Ilkmen grew up in Turkey, has lived in Canada, and now resides in the U.S. Her immigration experience, and multi-cultural background has allowed her to become a culturally sensitive clinician and professor. Dr. Ilkmen identifies as a social justice qualitative researcher with a focus on the experiences of women across identities and dimensions of culture.