Introduction

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Notes

  1. Jacob Bercovitch, “Introduction,” in Moshe Efrat and Jacob Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East: The Imbalance of Influence (London: Routledge, 1991), p. 4.

  2. Jacob Bercovitch, “Introduction,” in Moshe Efrat and Jacob Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East: The Imbalance of Influence (London: Routledge, 1991), p. 4.

  3. Jacob Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 10.

  4. Bercovitch, “Introduction,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 5.

  5. Bercovitch, “Introduction,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 5.

  6. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 12.

  7. Philip Windsor, “Superpowers and Client States: Perceptions and Interactions,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 45.

  8. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 12.

  9. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 13.

 10. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 19.

 11. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 21.

 12. Martin Wight, Power Politics, 2nd ed. (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 159.

 13. Martin Wight, Power Politics, 2nd ed. (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 160.

 14. Martin Wight, Power Politics, 2nd ed. (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1986).

 15. Martin Wight, Power Politics, 2nd ed. (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 165.

 16. L. Carl Brown, International Politics and the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), p. 4.

 17. L. Carl Brown, International Politics and the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), p. 5.

 18. L. Carl Brown, International Politics and the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984).

 19. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 26.

 20. Bercovitch, “Superpowers and Client States: Analysing Relations and Patterns of Influence,” in Efrat and Bercovitch, Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East, p. 26.

 21. Fawaz Gerges, The Superpowers and the Middle East: Regional and International Politics, 1955–1967 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), p. 3.

 22. Wight, Power Politics, p. 63.

 23. Michael Brecher, “The Middle East Subordinate System and its Impact on Israel's Foreign Policy,” International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 13, No. 2 (June, 1969), p. 117.

 24. Brecher, “The Middle East Subordinate System and its Impact on Israel's Foreign Policy,” p. 120.

 25. Brecher, “The Middle East Subordinate System and its Impact on Israel's Foreign Policy,” p. 123.

 26. Louis J. Cantori and Steven L. Spiegel (eds.), The International Politics of Regions: A Comparative Approach (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1970), p. 4.

 27. Leonard Binder, “The Middle East as a Subordinate International System,” World Politics, Vol. 10, No. 3 (April, 1958), p. 409.

 28. Binder, “The Middle East as a Subordinate International System,” p. 427.

 29. Binder, “The Middle East as a Subordinate International System,” p. 427.

 30. Avi Shlaim, “Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: The Case of Lebanon,” in Giacomo Luciani and Ghassan Salamé, The Politics of Arab Integration (London: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 232.

 31. Avi Shlaim, “Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: The Case of Lebanon,” in Giacomo Luciani and Ghassan Salamé, The Politics of Arab Integration (London: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 233.

 32. Avi Shlaim, “Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: The Case of Lebanon,” in Giacomo Luciani and Ghassan Salamé, The Politics of Arab Integration (London: Croom Helm, 1988), pp. 233–4.

 33. Avi Shlaim, “Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: The Case of Lebanon,” in Giacomo Luciani and Ghassan Salamé, The Politics of Arab Integration (London: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 238.

 34. Avi Shlaim, “Conflicting Approaches to Israel's Relations with the Arabs: Ben Gurion and Sharett, 1953–1956,” The Middle East Journal, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Spring, 1983), p. 187.

 35. Avi Shlaim, “Conflicting Approaches to Israel's Relations with the Arabs: Ben Gurion and Sharett, 1953–1956,” The Middle East Journal, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Spring, 1983), p. 196.

 36. Avi Shlaim, “Conflicting Approaches to Israel's Relations with the Arabs: Ben Gurion and Sharett, 1953–1956,” The Middle East Journal, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Spring, 1983), pp. 199–201.

 37. Kirsten Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998), p. 1.

 38. Kirsten Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998), p. 2.

 39. Kirsten Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998).

 40. Kirsten Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998), p. 7.

 41. Amos Elon, Herzl (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975), p. 196.

 42. Amos Elon, Herzl (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975), pp. 198–9.

 43. Amos Elon, Herzl (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975), p. 333.

 44. Amos Elon, Herzl (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975).

 45. Shabtai Teveth, Ben-Gurion: The Burning Ground, 1886–1948 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), p. 70.

 46. Shabtai Teveth, Ben-Gurion: The Burning Ground, 1886–1948 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), p. 87.

 47. Shabtai Teveth, Ben-Gurion: The Burning Ground, 1886–1948 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987).

 48. Shabtai Teveth, Ben-Gurion: The Burning Ground, 1886–1948 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), p. 92.

 49. Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1998), p. 19.

 50. Department of State Position Paper, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954: The Near and Middle East, Vol. IX, part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1986), p. 1215. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1.]

 51. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 24.

 52. Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Philosophy of the Revolution (Buffalo: Smith, Keynes and Marshall, 1959), p. 62.

 53. Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Philosophy of the Revolution (Buffalo: Smith, Keynes and Marshall, 1959), p. 78.

 54. George McGhee, The US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection (London: Macmillan, 1990), p. 115.

 55. George McGhee, The US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection (London: Macmillan, 1990), p. 115.

 56. Elie Podeh. The Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995), p. 51.

 57. McGhee, US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection, p. 119.

 58. McGhee, US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection, p. 124.

 59. McGhee, US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection, p. 31.

 60. McGhee, US–Turkish–NATO Middle East Connection.

 61. Editorial Note, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1:1.

 62. Memorandum of Conversation, Prepared in the Embassy in Jordan, May 15, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 43.

 63. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 60.

 64. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 61.

 65. Memorandum of Discussion at the 153rd Meeting of the National Security Council, July 9, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 395.

 66. Memorandum of Discussion at the 153rd Meeting of the National Security Council, July 9, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 395.

 67. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 61.

 68. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 62.

 69. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 68.

 70. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 72.

 71. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 1.

 72. Podeh, Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle over the Bagdad Pact, p. 196.

 73. Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, Feb. 27, 1958, in Foreign Relations of the United States, Arab–Israeli Dispute, United Arab Republic, North Africa, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1992), p. 27. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII.]

 74. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 36.

 75. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 37.

 76. Points of Agreement in London Discussions of Arab–Israeli Settlement, March 10, 1955, in Foreign Relations of the United States, Arab–Israeli Dispute 1955–1957, Vol. XIV (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1989), p. 102. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV.]

 77. Points of Agreement, FRUS, 1955–1957, p. 39.

 78. National Intelligence Estimate, Aug. 18, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, pp. 1289–90.

 79. National Intelligence Estimate, Aug. 18, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1289.

 80. National Intelligence Estimate, Aug. 18, 1953, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1.

 81. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 40.

 82. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 53.

 83. Although Ben-Zvi alludes to the deterrent effect of Israeli reprisal policies on the US, he does not develop this idea substantially beyond the chapter entitled “Theoretical Framework” of his book.

 84. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 9.

 85. Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, pp. 9–10.

 86. Jonathan Shimshoni, Israel and Conventional Deterrence: Border Warfare From 1953 to 1970 (Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), p. 42.

 87. United States Division (Tel Aviv) to the Israel Embassy in Washington, Feb. 20, 1953, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 1995), p. 99. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume].

 88. United States Division (Tel Aviv) to the Israel Embassy in Washington, Feb. 20, 1953, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 1995), p. 99. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume].

 89. Ben-Gurion's Comments at the Meeting of the Mapai Political Bureau, March, 28, 1953, in United States Division (Tel Aviv) to the Israel Embassy in Washington, Feb. 20, 1953, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume, p. 136.

 90. Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Byroade) to the Secretary of State, April 7, 1954, in FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1502.

 91. Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Byroade) to the Secretary of State, April 7, 1954, in FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1502.

 92. E. Elath (London) to M. Sharett, Sept. 23, 1953, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume, p. 322.

 93. E. Elath (London) to M. Sharett, Sept. 23, 1953, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 8, 1953, Companion Volume, p. 322.

 94. The Secretary of State to the Embassy in Egypt, Oct. 4, 1954, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1664.

 95. Memorandum of Conversation, by Director of the Office of Near Eastern Affairs (Hart), Oct. 10, 1954, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1673.

 96. The Secretary of State to the United States Mission at the United Nations, Dec. 2, 1954, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1704.

 97. The Secretary of State to the United States Mission at the United Nations, Dec. 2, 1954, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1704.

 98. Memorandum of Conversation, by Director of the Office of Near Eastern Affairs (Hart), Oct. 10, 1954, FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. IX, part 1, p. 1673.

 99. Telegram From the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State, March 1, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, p. 80.

100. Telegram from the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State, March 4, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV: 87.

101. Telegram from the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State, March 4, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV: 87.

102. Shimshoni, Israel and Conventional Deterrence: Border Warfare From 1953 to 1970, p. 81.

103. Shimshoni, Israel and Conventional Deterrence: Border Warfare From 1953 to 1970, p. 81.

104. Telegram from the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State, March 4, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, p. 88.

105. Gerges, The Superpowers and the Middle East: Regional and International Politics, 1955–1967, p. 32.

106. National Intelligence Estimate: The Outlook for Egyptian Stability and Foreign Policy, Nov. 15, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, p. 765.

107. Gerges, The Superpowers and the Middle East: Regional and International Politics, 1955–1967, p. 44.

108. Telegram from the Secretary of State to the Department of State, Sept. 27, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, pp. 527–8.

109. Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Jordan, Oct. 2, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, p. 541.

110. Memorandum of Discussion at the 262d Meeting of the National Security Council on Thursday, Oct. 20, 1955, in Foreign Relations of the United States, Arab–Israeli Dispute 1955–1957, Vol. XIV, p. 629.

111. Gerges, The Superpowers and the Middle East: Regional and International Politics, 1955–1967, p. 86.

112. Gerges, The Superpowers and the Middle East: Regional and International Politics, 1955–1967, p. 107.

113. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 228.

114. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 230.

115. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 231.

116. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 234.

117. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 235.

118. W. Scott Lucas. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991),

119. Mordechai Bar-On. The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Road to Suez and Back, 1955–1957 (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994), p. 159.

120. Mordechai Bar-On. The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Road to Suez and Back, 1955–1957 (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994), p. 169.

121. Mordechai Bar-On. The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Road to Suez and Back, 1955–1957 (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994), p. 247.

122. Mordechai Bar-On. The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Road to Suez and Back, 1955–1957 (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994).

123. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 47.

124. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, pp. 47–8.

125. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 48.

126. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 48.

127. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 48.

128. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, pp. 48–9.

129. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2000), p. 188.

130. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2000), p. 189.

131. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 60.

132. Editorial Note, in Foreign Relations of the United States, Near East Region, Iran, Iraq 1955–1957, Vol. XII (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1991), p. 360. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XII].

133. Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Israeli Ambassador (Eban) in New York and the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Rountree), Washington, Nov. 30, 1956, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XII, p. 363.

134. Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Israel, Jan. 14, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XII, p. 4.

135. Michael Bar-Zohar, “Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery,” in Itamar Rabinovitch and Jehuda Reinharz, Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, 1948–Present (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 169.

136. Michael Bar-Zohar, “Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery,” in Itamar Rabinovitch and Jehuda Reinharz, Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, 1948–Present (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 167.

137. Bruce R. Kuniholm. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), p. xv.

138. Bruce R. Kuniholm. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), pp. 211–2.

139. Bar-Zohar, “Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery,” in Rabinovitch and Reinharz, Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, 1948–Present, p. 170.

140. Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, Feb. 27, 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 25.

141. Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Rountree) to the Secretary of State, June 28, 1958, in FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 57.

142. Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State, FRUS, 1958–1960, p. 59.

143. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 15.

144. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 17.

145. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 22.

146. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 32.

147. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 35.

148. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 37.

149. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 40

150. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 45.

151. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 40.

152. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 50.

153. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon.

154. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 51.

155. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon.

156. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 52.

157. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon.

158. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 54.

159. Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, June 30, 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 61.

160. A. Eban (Washington) to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, May 26, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 2001), p. 169. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume].

161. Schulze, Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon, p. 61.

162. Memorandum of a Conversation, Secretary Dulles' Residence, Washington, Aug. 3, 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 83.

163. J.F. Dulles to the Prime Minister, Aug. 10, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Main Volume (Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 2001), p. 94. [Henceforth, this series will be referred to as Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Main Volume.]

164. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 201.

165. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 201.

166. R. Shiloah (Jerusalem) to the Israel Embassy in Washington, July 14, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume, p. 3.

167. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 202.

168. A. Eban to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 24, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Main Volume, p. 46.

169. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 203.

170. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 203.

171. A. Eban to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 24, 1958, Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, p. 49.

172. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 203.

173. Telegram from the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State, July 20, 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 66.

174. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 189.

175. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 190.

176. A. Eban (Washington) to the United States Division and R. Shiloah, June 3, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume, p. 171.

177. A. Eban (Washington) to the United States Division and R. Shiloah, June 3, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume, p. 171.

178. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 191.

179. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 190.

180. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 193.

181. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 194.

182. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 195.

183. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World.

184. Telegram from the Office of the Permanent Representative of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to the Department of State, Oct. 26, 1955, FRUS, 1955–1957, Vol. XII, p. 176.

185. E. Sasson (Rome) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jan. 8, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume, p. 376.

186. A. Eban (New York) to R. Shiloah (Jerusalem), Aug. 18, 1958, in Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel, Vol. 13, 1958–1959, Companion Volume, pp. 396–7.

187. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 196.

188. Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, p. 196.

189. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, pp. 60–1.

190. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 65.

191. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 61.

192. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 62.

193. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 16.

194. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 67.

195. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 69.

196. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 80.

197. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 71.

198. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance.

199. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 78.

200. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance.

201. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 73.

202. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 84.

203. Ben Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American–Israeli Alliance, p. 80.

204. Memorandum of a Conversation, White House, Washington, March 10, 1960, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 287.

205. Memorandum of a Conversation, FRUS, 1958–1960, p. 288.

206. Memorandum for the Files of a Meeting, Department of State, Washington, July 27, 1960, FRUS, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, p. 356.