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Notes
1. Magliveras, Konstantinos D., and Gino J. Naldi, “The African Union: A New Dawn for Africa?” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 2 (April 2002): 415–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3663236
2. Muchie, Mammo, Oghenerobor Akpor, Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju, eds. The African Union Ten Years after: Solving African Problems with Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance (Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2013), xvi.
3. The Economist, “The African Union is less effective at 20 than it was at two: Its enforcement of democratic norms is slipping,” (2022), https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2022/02/12/the-african-union-is-less-effective-at-20-than-it-was-at-two (accessed December 22, 2023).
4. Engel, Ulf, ed. Yearbook on the African Union. Volume 1 (2020). Yearbook on the African Union, volume 1. (Leiden ; Boston: Brill, 2021), 4.
5. Yearbook Volume 2, 38–39.
6. Ibid., 48.
7. African Union Commission, Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. Popular Version, 2015, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/36204-doc-agenda2063_popular_version_en.pdf, 2.
8. Yearbook Volume 2, 76.
9. Ibid., 77.
10. Ibid., 93.
11. Ibid., 145.
12. Gwatiwa, Tshepo, The African Union and African Agency in International Politics (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), 75.
13. Ibid., 78–79.
14. James, Makila, Building a Peaceful Africa Through Arts, Culture and Heritage, July 26, 2021, United States Institute of Peace, https://www.usip.org/blog/2021/07/building-peaceful-africa-through-arts-culture-and-heritage#:~:text=Indeed%2C%20the%20African%20Union%20(AU,to%20deliver%20peace%20to%20conflict- (accessed December 27, 2023).
15. ECOSOCC, ECOSOCC Policy Booklet: On African Union Theme of The Year 2021, Jul 15, 2022, https://ecosocc.au.int/en/documents/2022-07-15/au-theme-year-2021-policy-booklet