The influence of social comparison on risk decision-making for self and groups in intergroup contexts

ABSTRACT

Objective

The current study aims to explore the influence of social comparison on risk decision-making for self and for groups in intergroup contexts.

Method

Two experiments with the within-subjects design of 2 (social comparison: upward comparison, downward comparison) × 3 (decision-maker role: for “me”, for “us”, for “them”) were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 focused on the ingroup contexts, and experiment 2 focused on the outgroup contexts.

Results

(1) in outgroup contexts, individuals are more risk-seeking in upward comparison conditions than in downward comparison conditions. However, the difference disappears in ingroup contexts. (2) Making decisions for “them” is riskier than making decisions for “me” and for “us” with no significant differences between the latter two and consistent across intergroup contexts. (3) The difference in risk decisions made amid upward and downward comparisons is amplified for decisions made for groups.

Conclusion

The findings may support the selective accessibility model and provide an interpretation with responsibility alleviation for self-group differences in risk decision-making.

KEY POINTS

What is already known about this topic:

1. Recent research provides evidence for social loss aversion with individuals taking more risks when making upward comparisons.

2. Previous findings of studies without involving social comparisons on the difference between making risk decisions for oneself and making decisions for others were not consistent.

3. The identity of the comparison target affected an individual’s attention to social comparison.

What this topic adds:

1. Making decisions for a group magnified the difference in risk decisions made amid upward and downward comparisons.

2. The perception of less responsibility for “their” welfare led to the decision makers taking more risks when making decisions for “them”.

3. The difference in risk decisions made amid upward and downward comparisons appears in outgroup contexts whereas disappears in ingroup contexts for an outgroup context highlights comparative information, while an ingroup context weakens social comparison information.

KEYWORDS:

• Social comparison
• intergroup context
• decision maker roles
• risk decision making

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The datasets analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreement, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the General Project of Education in 2021 for the 14th Five-Year Plan of the National Social Science Fund: The development, influencing factors and intervention system of middle school students’ moral shading: Based on decision-making process theory [BEA210108].