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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 63, 2024 - Issue 2
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Materials Processing, Characterization and Properties

Effect of microwave hybrid heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of 3D printed Inconel 718 superalloy

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Pages 312-328 | Received 19 Dec 2022, Accepted 12 Mar 2023, Published online: 24 Apr 2023
 

ABSTRACT

This study explores the potential of a microwave hybrid heating (MHH) technique as an efficient post-heat treatment route for an Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The LPBF-IN718 alloy is post-heat-treated using an industrial microwave (MW) oven and a conventional heat treatment route to eliminate the segregates and Laves phase. The MW treatment generates a relatively higher back diffusion rate of the segregated elements releasing more Nb into the γ-matrix compared to the conventional treatment. This results in lower fraction of intergranular δ-phase in the MW-processed microstructure (≈ 0.2%) relative to conventionally processed microstructure (≈ 0.81%). However, more precipitation of the MC-type carbides is observed in the matrix after the MW-treatment, indicating the supersaturation of the γ-matrix in the back-diffused elements. Both the MW and conventional treatments affect the hardness similarly owing to the combined effect of the precipitation hardening and the substructure strengthening. Compared to conventional heating, the MW processing time, to heat the sample to the set temperature, is reduced by a factor of 2, and the consumed energy is decreased by 80%. As a result, an MW-treatment can be considered as a cost-effective alternative to a conventional post-heat treatment for LPBF-IN718 components.

Cette étude explore le potentiel de chauffage hybride micro-ondes (MHH) comme methode de post-traitement thermique efficace pour un superalliage Inconel 718 (IN718) traité par fusion laser sur lit de poudre (LPBF). L’alliage IN718-LPBF est post-traité thermiquement dans un four industriel à micro-ondes (MW) et d’une voie de traitement thermique conventionnelle pour éliminer les ségrégations et la phase de laves dans les pièces. Le traitement MW engendre un taux de rétrodiffusion relativement supérieure des éléments ségrégués et libère plus de Nb dans la matrice-γ, ce qui entraîne une fraction inférieure de la phase intergranulaire-δ dans la microstructure traitée par MW (≈ 0,2%) par rapport à celle traitée conventionnellement (≈ 0,81%). Cependant, on observe une plus grande précipitation de carbures dans la matrice de l’alliage traité par MW, indiquant la sursaturation de la matrice-γ dans les éléments rétrodiffusés. Les deux méthodes de traitement affectent la dureté de manière similaire en raison de l'effet combiné du durcissement par précipitation et du renforcement de la sous-structure. Le traitement MW réduit la durée de traitement de moitié et diminue la consommation d'énergie de 80% par rapport au chauffage conventionnel pour chauffer l'alliage IN718-LPBF jusqu'à la température établie. Par conséquent, le traitement MW peut être considéré comme une solution possible et efficace par rapport au post-traitement thermique conventionnel.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mohammad Saadati and Mazen Samara for their efforts during the experimental work. The first author acknowledges financial support from the Egyptian Armed Forces.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research is financially supported by the Egyptian Armed Forces, and Concordia University.

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