Farm systems research at Ruakura – a 60-year legacy underpinning profitable and sustainable pasture-based dairy systems

ABSTRACT

The Number 2 Dairy (No. 2 Dairy) unit at Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand was established as a dairy research farm in 1943 and became recognised globally as one of the leading institutes for farm systems science. The research undertaken was fundamental to the ‘systemisation’ of component research into replicable, efficient, competitive, and sustainable dairy systems. From McMeekan’s seminal research in the 1950s on rotational grazing to the experiments of Carter, Campbell, Bryant, Penno and others, who brought greater resolution to the key principles influencing successful outcomes on-farm, the more than 60 years of experimental research led to ‘good practice’ rules that were to transcend geographical, climatic, and system-level interactions. Much of the research can only be found in Annual Reports or in summary form in conference proceedings and not in an electronic form. Our objective was to collate and discuss the research undertaken, thereby ensuring that the legacy of this great work and the wisdom amassed are not lost. To this end, we have compiled a compendium of the research undertaken at No. 2 Dairy, with the hope that it be used to inform the scientific rationale for system design and to stimulate future hypotheses for system improvement.

KEYWORDS:

• No. 2 Dairy
• grazing systems
• rotational grazing
• set stocked
• stocking rate

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the commitment of all of the principal science investigators and the dedicated technical and farm staff at No. 2 Dairy. Although fraught to identify individuals among such an illustrious team, Jim Keir, Des Clayton, Henry Walker, and Jim Lancaster deserve special mention for their dedication as technicians to science excellence through the ages.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).