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ABSTRACT
Academic performance could have an impact on job trajectories and socioeconomic status for societies in the future. However, only a few studies have focused on the impact of time allocation on extracurricular activity strategies. Based on that observation, we recruited 91,161 school students from 451 primary, middle, and high schools in China, and used a cross-sectional compositional data analysis approach to investigate the linkage between extracurricular activities and time allocation strategies and academic performance. Our study found that, in general, a suitable daily sleep routine is of primary importance in improving students’ academic performance. Additionally, daily exercise appears to be able to significantly facilitate higher academic performance. it’s important to note that exercising while sleep-restricted may have adverse effects. The most effective way to improve student academic performance proves to be reducing the time spent playing video games and watching short videos and replacing it with hours of sleep or exercise.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Author Contributions
Kaiping Peng had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Peng Zhang.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Yifan Wang, Xuan Chen.
Manuscript revision/review comments reply: Yifan Wang, Xuan Chen
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Yifan Wang, Xuan Chen
Statistical analysis: Wei Yan
Obtained funding: Kaiping Peng
Administrative, technical, or material support: Kaiping Peng