Peri-implant soft-tissue parameters and crestal bone levels among narghile smokers and nonsmokers

Abstract

This retrospective convenient sample case–control study investigated the peri-implant soft-tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among narghile smokers (NS) (Group I) and nonsmoking controls (Group II). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and pocket-depth (PD) were assessed; and peri-implant CBL was measured on standardized digital bite-wing radiographs. Sample-size was estimated and statistical analysis were done using Mann–Whitney U-test. Level of significance was set at p < .05. Seventy-two male individuals (35 in Group I and 37 in Group II) were included. The mean age of individuals in Groups I and II were 45.3 ± 5.2 and 42.6 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly. In Group 1, the duration and daily frequency of narghile smoking was 17.5 ± 1.6 years and 6.3 ± 0.5 times per day, respectively. The mean duration of each narghile smoking session was 28.5 ± 0.6 min. The mean peri-implant PI (p < .05), PD (p < .05) and mesial (p < .05) and distal (p < .05) CBL were statistically significantly higher among individuals in Group I compared with Group II. BOP was significantly higher in Group II than Group I (p < .05). Narghile smoking increases peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.

Keywords:

• Alveolar bone loss
• dental implant
• gingival inflammation
• periodontal
• smoking

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the present study.

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through research group No: RG-1438-075.