Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) as a governance instrument – accounting for politics, negotiation progress, and related mechanisms under the Paris Agreement

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This article is part of a series including:

The nationally determined contribution (NDC) as a governing instrument: a critical engagement

This article responds to:

Governing through the nationally determined contribution (NDC): five functions to steer states’ climate conduct

Acknowledgments

I am grateful for very helpful suggestions from two anonymous reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. Importantly, the term transparency in context of the Paris Agreement does not just refer to transparency of information contained in NDCs but to a review mechanism including the Enhanced Transparency Framework under Article 13. The UNFCCC website provides a useful introduction: https://unfccc.int/Transparency

Additional information

Funding

My participation at COP26 and COP27 was funded by the United Kingdom’s Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) through the ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) (ref. ES/R009708/1).