Effect of volume ratios on the novel Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract-mediated production of ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles for potential antifungal applications

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial infectious disease has become a major problem in the world. It has been found as its continual distribution is at extremely frightening rate. The most curable technique is the design and synthesis of effective nano-based drugs as green alternative. In this study, ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were produced from their precursor salts in the volume ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 with Solanum lycopersicum leaf as a capping and reducing agent. Characterizations were performed using TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-Vis, and FTIR techniques. After 450°C and 500°C, ZnO and Co₃O₄ NPs were found to be thermally stable, respectively. For the ZnO and Co₃O₄ NPs in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 volume ratios, respectively, their average crystalline sizes were 51, 20, 29 and 26, 21 and 28 nm. The degree of crystallinity is confirmed by SEM in conjunction with TEM-HRTEM, and SAED. Among the numerous volume ratios, Co₃O₄ (1:3) and Co₃O₄ (1:1) showed 100% promised activity against Alternaria solani pathogen.

Antimicrobial infectious disease has become a major serious problem in the modern world. It has been found as its continual distribution is at an extremely frightening rate. The most curable technique for this worldwide issue is the design and synthesis of effective nano-based drugs as green alternative solutions. In this study, ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were produced from their respective precursor salts in the volume ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 with Solanum lycopersicum leaf as a capping and reducing agent. Characterizations were performed using TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-Vis, and FTIR techniques. After 450°C and 500°C, greenly synthesized ZnO and Co₃O₄ NPs were found to be thermally stable, respectively. For the ZnO and Co₃O₄ synthesized in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 volume ratios, respectively, their average crystalline sizes were 51, 20, 29 and 26, 21 and 28 nm. The degree of crystallinity is confirmed by SEM examination in conjunction with TEM-HRTEM, and SAED. Among the numerous volume ratios, Co₃O₄ (1:3) and Co₃O₄ (1:1) showed 100% promised activity against Alternaria solani pathogen.

KEYWORDS:

• ZnO NPs
• Co3O4 NPs
• Solanum lycopersicum
• Alternaria solani

Acknowledgments

The authors heartly acknowledge Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU) for the financial support.

Disclosure statement

The authors completely declares as they have no any known conflict of interest that could influence the publication of this manuscript.