Brazilian Geographical Indications: A Map of Scientific Production from 1996 to 2022

ABSTRACT

This research presents a map of 955 studies about Brazilian Geographical Indications from 1996 to 2022, built through Methodi Ordinatio. Our findings reveal that studies are mostly published in Brazilian journals; a super abundance of publications in three regions: Espírito Santo, Mossoró, and Vale do Submédio São Francisco; and that most studies are contained in the area of Natural Sciences. The apparent implication is that there has been a growing interest from Brazilian researchers on the topic, though there still are a considerable number of regions that have not been directly addressed. Our main contribution is the verification of a virtual absence of a central term to accommodate this extensive sample of studies in a common body of knowledge. We therefore suggest that authors poring over these products and regions consider including the term “Geographical Indication” either in the title, abstract, or keywords.

KEYWORDS:

• Geographical Indications
• scientific production
• intellectual property
• Methodi Ordinatio

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

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2. Angela Tregear and Matthew Gorton, “The Challenges of Sharing: Brands as Club Goods,” European Journal of Marketing 43, no. 5/6 (2009): 826–42.

3. Sarah Bowen and Ana Valenzuela Zapata, “Geographical Indications, Terroir, and Socioeconomic and Ecological Sustainability: The Case of Tequila,” Journal of Rural Studies 25, no. 1 (2009): 108–19.

4. Mateus Manfrin Artêncio, Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi, and Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina, “Uma análise crítica do papel e importância socioeconômica das Indicações Geográficas em países em desenvolvimento,” Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais (Internext) 14, no. 3 (2019): 218–34. https://doi.org/10.18568/internext.v14i3.483; Denise Lemos Garcia, Gabriel Francisco da Silva, André Luiz Gomes de Souza, José Pereira Mascarenhas Bisneto, and Emerson de Sousa Silva, “The Effect of Geographical Indications on Economic Development,” International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (2019): 1248–63. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1997; Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) de Brasil. Curso de propriedade intelectual e inovação no agronegócio, Módulo II: indicação geográfica. 2nd ed. (Brasília: MAPA, 2014). http://antigo.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/sustentabilidade/indicacao-geografica/arquivos-publicacoes-ig/livro-curso-de-propriedade-intelecual-inovacao-no-agronegocio-modulo-ii-indicacao-geografica.pdf.

5. FAO—Food and Agriculture Organization, Preserving and Promoting Agricultural and Food Heritage (Rome: FAO, 2019). http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CA5693EN.

6. Yari Vecchio, Abdul-Latif Iddrisu, Felice Adinolfi, and Marcello De Rosa, “Geographical Indication to Build Up Resilient Rural Economies: A Case Study from Ghana,” Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052052; David A. Wirth, “Geographical Indications, Food Safety, and Sustainability: Conflicts and Synergies,” Bio-based and Applied Economics 5, no. 2 (2016); Bowen and Valenzuela Zapata , “Geographical Indications, Terroir, and Socioeconomic and Ecological Sustainability.”

7. Law No. 9279, of May 14, Regulates rights and obligations regarding industrial property (Brasília: The President of the Republic, 1996). https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/br/br003en.pdf.

8. Tregear and Gorton; Lauretta Rubini, Luca Motta, and Marco R. Di Tommaso, “Quality‐based Excellence and Product‐Country Image: Case Studies on Italy and China in the Beverage Sector,” Measuring Business Excellence 17, no. 2 (2013): 35–47, https://doi.org/10.1108/13683041311329429; Alessandra Zamparini, Francesco Lurati, and Laura G. Illia, “Auditing the Identity of Regional Wine Brands: The Case of Swiss Merlot Ticino,” International Journal of Wine Business Research 22, no. 4 (2010): 386–405, https://doi.org/10.1108/17511061011092429; Medeiros, Passador and Passador, “Implications of Geographical Indications”; Virginia Aparecida Castro, and Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi, “Estratégias de marcas para setores brasileiros: diferenças conceituais entre indicação geográfica, marca coletiva e sectorial,” Revista Espacios 39, no. 33 (2018): 1–14, https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n33/a18v39n33p08.pdf.

9. DataSebrae, Panorama das IGs brasileiras registradas, 2022, https://datasebrae.com.br/panorama-das-igs-brasileiras/; INPI—Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, 2022. Pedidos de indicação geográfica no Brasil, https://www.gov.br/inpi/pt-br/servicos/indicacoes-geograficas/pedidos-de-indicacao-geografica-no-brasil (accessed June 2023).

10. Pagani, Kovaleski and Resende; and Nees Van Eck and Ludo Waltman, “Software Survey: VOSviewer, a Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping,” Scientometrics 84, no. 2 (2010): 523–38.

11. TRIPS: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1C, 1869 U.N.T.S. 299, 33 I.L.M. 1197 (1994).

12. Paulo Nogueira Batista, “Perspectivas da Rodada Uruguai: implicações para o Brasil,” Estudos avançados 6 (1992): 103–16.

13. Luiz Felipe Palmeira Lampreia, “Resultados da Rodada Uruguai: uma tentativa de síntese,” Estudos avançados 9 (1995): 247–60.

14. Anne Sharp and James Smith, “Champagne’s Sparkling Success,” International Marketing Review 8, no. 4 (1991); Evangelina Aranda, Mar Gómez, and Arturo Molina, “Consumers” Brand Images of Wines: Differences Between Two Leading Spanish Denominations of Origin,” British Food Journal 117, no. 8 (2015): 2057–77; Nathalie Spielmann and Stephen Charters, “The Dimensions of Authenticity in Terroir Products,” International Journal of Wine Business Research 25, no. 4 (2013): 310–24; Virginia Aparecida Castro, “O desenvolvimento das Associações detentoras de Marcas Compartilhadas no setor vitivinicultor brasileiro,” Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia da Fundace 10, no. 2 (2019): 73–89.

15. Valdinho Pellin and Adriana Carvalho Pinto Vieira, “Contributions of Geographical Indications for Territorial Strengthening in Rural Space: A Case Study in Southern Brazil,” Revista ESPACIOS 36, no. 8 (2015): 7.

16. Kelly Lissandra Bruch, Claire Cerdan, Liliana Locatelli, Michele Copetti, Klenize Chagas, and Aparecido Lima da Silva, “Indicação Geográficas de produtos agropecuários: Aspectos legais, importância histórica e atual,” in Curso de propriedade intelectual e inovação no agronegócio: Módulo II, indicação geográfica (Brasília: MAPA, 2009).

17. Sarah Bowen, “Embedding Local Places in Global Spaces: Geographical Indications as a Territorial Development Strategy,” Rural Sociology 75, no. 2 (2010): 209–43; Maria Emília Rodrigues Valente, Ronaldo Perez, Afonso Mota Ramos, and José Benício Paes Chaves, “Indicação geográfica de alimentos e bebidas no Brasil e na União Europeia,” Ciência Rural 42 (2012): 551–58; Artêncio et al., “Uma análise crítica do papel e importância socioeconômica das Indicações Geográficas em países em desenvolvimento.”

18. Garcia et al., “The Effect of Geographical Indications on Economic Development”; Leonardo Cei, Edi Defrancesco, and Gianluca Stefani, “From Geographical Indications to Rural Development: A Review of the Economic Effects of European Union Policy,” Sustainability 10, no. 10 (2018): 3745.

19. Patrícia Maria da Silva Barbosa and Pablo Ferreira Regalado, “Determinação de origem, empoderamento dos produtores, redução de custos, riscos e desenvolvimento local: os múltiplos usos da marca coletiva no mercado de café,” Anais do Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil 6 (2013): 1–5.

20. Sebrae—Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas & INPI—Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, Indicações geográficas brasileiras/Brazilian geographical indications/Indicaciones geográficas brasileñas, 3rd ed. (Brasília, DF: SEBRAE/INPI, 2011).

21. Paulo Andre Niederle, Gilberto Carlos Cerqueira Mascarenhas, and John Wilkinson, “Governança e institucionalização das indicações geográficas no Brasil,” Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 55 (2017): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1590/1234–56781806–94790550105

22. Renato Dolabella Melo, “Indicações geográficas e infrações concorrenciais,” Desenvolvimento Regional em Debate 9, no. 2 (2019): 24–48.

23. Ibid., 12.

24. Luiz Antonio da Silva Gonçalves, Bethânia de Araújo Almeida, and Eduardo Muniz Santana Bastos, “Panorama das indicações geográficas no Brasil,” RDE-Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 3, no. 41 (2019): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v3i41.5805

25. Castro and Giraldi, “Estratégias de marcas para setores brasileiros.”

26. European Commission, eAmbrosia—the EU Geographical Indications Register (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2022). https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/geographical-indications-register/ (accessed November 2023).

27. Denis Sautier, Estelle Biénabe, and Claire Cerdan, “Geographical Indications in Developing Countries,” in Labels of Origin for Food: Local Development, Global Recognition, ed. Elizabeth Barham and Bertil Sylvander (Wallingford UK: CAB International, 2011), 138–53.

28. Ibid., 11.

29. Ibid., 1.

30. Ibid., 11.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid.

33. Van Eck and Waltman, “Software Survey.”

34. Van Eck and Waltman, “Software Survey,” 4, 7; Morgane Millet, Valerie Keast, Stefano Gonano, and François Casabianca, “Product Qualification as a Means of Identifying Sustainability Pathways for Place-Based Agri-Food Systems: The Case of the GI Corsican Grapefruit (France),” Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7148.

35. Ibid., 11.

36. Pagani et al., 2122.

Additional information

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001.