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Notes
1 Christopher Krentz, Elusive Kinship: Disability and Human Rights in Postcolonial Literature, Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press, 2022, p 3.
2 See for example, Lennard Davis, Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness and the Body, London: Verso, 1995, p 2.
3 Daniel Blackie and Alexia Moncrieff, ‘State of the Field: Disability History’, History: the Journal of the Historical Association, 107(377), 2022, pp 1–23.
4 Clare Barker and Stuart Murray, ‘Disabling Postcolonialism: Global Disability Cultures and Democratic Criticism’, Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies, 4(3), 2010, pp 219–236.
5 Barker and Murray, ‘Disabling Postcolonialism’, p 219.
6 Clare Barker, Postcolonial Fiction and Disability, Exceptional Children, Metaphor and Materiality, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011.
7 Alice Hall, Disability and Modern Fiction: Faulkner, Morrison, Coetzee and the Nobel Prize for Literature, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; Alice Hall, Literature and Disability: Contemporary Critical Thought, London: Routledge, 2015.
8 Krentz, Elusive Kinship.
9 Krentz, Elusive Kinship, p 6.
10 Shaun Grech and Karen Soldatic, ‘Disability and Colonialism: (Dis)encounters and Anxious Intersectionalities’, Social Identities, 21(1), 2015, pp 1–5.
11 Helen Meekosha, ‘Decolonising Disability: Thinking and Acting Globally’, Disability & Society, 26(6), pp 667–682, abstract.
12 Jasbir K Puar, The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2017.
13 Nirmala Erevelles, Disability and Difference in Global Contexts: Enabling a Transformative Body Politic, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
14 Blackie and Moncrieff, ‘State of the Field’, pp 14–15, 12.
15 Stefanie Hunt-Kennedy, Between Fitness and Death: Disability and Slavery in the Caribbean, Champaign, Il: University of Illinois Press, 2020. See also chapters by Lieffers and de Schutter in Esme Cleall (ed), Global Histories of Disability: Power, Place and People, New York: Routledge, 2022.
16 See for example, Anil Kumar, Medicine and the Raj. British Medical Policy in India 1835–1911, New Delhi and London: AltaMira Press, 1998; David Arnold, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993; David Arnold (ed), Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies, Manchester: MUP, 1988.
17 Esme Cleall, Missionary Discourses of Difference: Negotiating Otherness in the British Empire, c. 1840–1900, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2012, chapters 3 and 4. See also David Hardiman (ed), Healing Bodies, Saving Souls: Medical Missions in Asia and Africa, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006; David Hardiman, Missionaries and Their Medicine. A Christian Modernity for Tribal India, Manchester: MUP, 2008.
18 Cleall, Missionary Discourses.
19 Esme Cleall, Colonising Disability: Impairment and Otherness Across Britain and Its Empire, c. 1800–1914, Cambridge: CUP, 2022.
20 Megan Vaughan, Curing Their Ills. Colonial Power and African Illness, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
21 Chandra Talpade Mohanty, ‘Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses’, Boundary 2, 12(3)–13(1), On Humanism and the University I: The Discourse of Humanism (Spring–Autumn 1984), pp 333–358; Antoinette Burton, Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women, and Imperial Culture, 1865–1915, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
22 Puar, The Right to Maim.
23 Hunt-Kennedy, Between Fitness and Death.
24 Madhwi, ‘“Able”, “Dis-abled,” and “Invalid” Indian Laborers in the Plantation Economy of British Empire c. 1840–1910’, in Cleall (ed), Global Histories of Disability.
25 George N Njung, ‘Victims of Empire: WW1 Ex-servicemen and the Colonial Economy of Wartime Sacrifices in Postwar British Nigeria’, First World War Studies, 10(1), 2019, pp 49–67.
26 Madhwi, ‘“Able”, “Disabled” and “Invalid”’.
27 See also Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World, London: Verso, 2001.
28 Roddy Slorach, A Very Capitalist Condition: A History and Politics of Disability, London: Bookmarks, 2016.
29 Michael Oliver, Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. For a summary of the argument see David Turner and Daniel Blackie, Disability in the Industrial Revolution: Physical Impairment in British Coal Mining, 1780–1880 (Manchester: MUP, 2018). See also Kirsti Bohata, Alexandra Jones, Mike Mantin and Steven Thompson, Disability in Industrial Britain: A Cultural and Literary History of Impairment in the Coal Industry, 1880–1948, Manchester: MUP, 2000.
30 Sarah Rose, No Right to be Idle: The Invention of Disability 1840s–1930s, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017.
31 Dan Goodley, Dis/ability Studies: Theorising Disablism and Ableism, London: Routledge, 2014.
32 Julie Livingston, Debility and the Moral Imagination in Botswana, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005; Sam de Schutter, ‘The Colonial Invention of Disability: Rehabilitation and Development in Kenya, c. 1940–1970’, in Cleall (ed), Global Histories of Disability.
33 See for example, Kim Q Hall (ed), Feminist Disability Studies, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.
34 Goodley, Dis/ability Studies, p 46.
35 Douglas C Baynton, ‘Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History’, in Paul K Longmore and Lauri Umansky (eds), The New Disability History: American Perspectives, New York: New York University Press, 2001, pp 33–57.
36 Cleall, Colonising Disability.
37 Stefanie Kennedy and Melanie J Newton, ‘The Hauntings of Slavery: Colonialism and the Disabled Body in the Caribbean’, in Shaun Grech and Karen Soldatic (eds), Disability in the Global South: The Critical Handbook, Cham: Springer, 2016, pp 379–391.
38 Magrit Shildrick, Dangerous Discourses of Disability, Subjectivity and Sexuality, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2009.
39 Martha Stoddard Holmes, Fictions of Affliction: Physical Disability in Victorian Culture, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003; Mary Klages, Woeful Afflictions: Disability and Sentimentality in Victorian America, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
40 Holmes, cited in Cleall, Colonising Disability, p 40.
41 Klages, cited in Cleall, Colonising Disability, p 40.
42 Harlan Lane, The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community, San Diego, Ca: DawnSign Press, 1999.
43 S S Hewlett, They Shall See His Face. Stories of God’s Grace in Work Among the Blind and Others in India, Oxford: Alden and Company, 1898, p 9.
44 Ato Quayson, Aesthetic Nervousness: Disability and the Crisis of Representation, New York: University of Columbia Press, 2007, pp 15–31.
45 For a critique of this language see Mark Sherry, ‘(Post)colonising Disability’, Wagadu, 4, 2007, pp 10–22.
46 For this in a US context see Baynton, ‘Disability and the Justification’.
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Esme Cleall
Esme Cleall is a senior lecturer in the History of the British Empire at the University of Sheffield, UK. She is the author of Missionary Discourses of Difference (Palgrave, 2012) and Colonising Disability: Impairment and Otherness Across Britain and Its Empire, c. 1800–1914 (CUP, 2022). She works on ideas about race, disability, colonial history and their intersections.