https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-5077
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ABSTRACT
Conventional dyeing of cellulose with reactive dyes requires the use of huge quantities of electrolytes and alkalis and the temperature between 60–90°C. Using the above conditions a stable covalent bond is formed between the reactive group of the dye and the hydroxyl group of cellulose. Cationization of cellulose allows to carry out reactive dyeing without electrolytes and alkalis even at room temperature. The dye, depending on the cationic modifier used, can form only ionic bond between sulfonic group of the dye and quaternary group of the modifier or also covalent bond between reactive group of the dye and hydroxyl group of the modifier. In this work we investigate how light fastness is affected by the type of bond with which the dye bound to the cationized cellulose. So far, such research has not been published. We found that the light fastness of the reactive dyeings on cationized cellulose was lower compared to non-cationized cellulose and depends on the kind of modifier used: chlorocholine chloride, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyltrimethylammonium chloride and copolymer [(chloro-methyl)oxirane +1 H-Imidazole]. Density electron changes of ionic bonds between quaternary group of modified cellulose and sulfonic group of reactive dyes were analyzed in relation to the fading process.
摘要
用活性染料对纤维素进行常规染色需要使用大量的电解质和碱，温度在60-90摄氏度之间. 使用上述条件，在染料的反应基团和纤维素的羟基之间形成稳定的共价键. 即使在室温下，纤维素的阳离子化也可以在没有电解质和碱的情况下进行活性染色. 根据所使用的阳离子改性剂，染料只能在染料的磺酸基和改性剂的四元基团之间形成离子键，也可以在染料的反应性基团和改性器的羟基之间形成共价键. 在这项工作中，我们研究了染料与阳离子纤维素结合的键类型如何影响耐光性. 在这项工作中，我们研究了染料与阳离子纤维素结合的键类型如何影响耐光性. 到目前为止，此类研究尚未发表. 我们发现，与非阳离子纤维素相比，阳离子纤维素上的活性染料的耐光性较低，3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵和共聚物[（氯甲基）环氧乙烷+1 H-咪唑]分析了改性纤维素季铵基和活性染料磺酸基之间离子键的密度电子变化与褪色过程的关系.
Abbreviations
| Cell-OH | = | cellulose |
| [ClCh]+Cl− | = | chlorocholine chloride |
| [CHPTA]+Cl− | = | 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) |
| [Cell-O-IME]+Cl− | = | cellulose cationised with copolymer (chloromethyl)oxirane-1 H-Imidazole |
| DMF | = | dimethylformamide |
| Glu | = | glucopiranose ring |
| [IME]+Cl− | = | copolymer (chloromethyl)oxirane-1 H-Imidazole (Texamin ECE New) |
| NMA-HTCC | = | O-acrylamidomethyl-N-[2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride |
| owf | = | on weight fiber |
| PAE/EDA | = | polyamide epichlorhydrin/ethylenediamine polymer |
| PhSO3H | = | benzenesulfonic acid |
| Polyquatermium2 (P42) | = | poly[bis(2-chloroethyl)ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-dimethylamino)propyl]urea quaternized |
| RB 19 | = | Reactive Blue 19 |
| RB 160 | = | Reactive Blue 160 |
| RR 24:1 | = | Reactive Red 24:1 |
| RR 221 | = | Reactive Red 221 |
| RR 274 | = | Reactive Red 274 |
| = | relative color change after irradiation |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Higihlights
Reactive dyes when dyeing cationised cellulose strongly absorb the fibers which leads to elimination of the electrolytes normally used in conventional methods.
Our innovative work has also shown the possibility of eliminating alkalis from the dyeing process and obtaining permanent and efficient dyeing with these dyes even at ambient temperature. It was found that under these completely ecological conditions, covalent bonds are formed between the modified cellulose and the reactive dye, which are different than in the dyeing of unmodified cellulose. In this work, tests were performed to confirm the hypothesis that the dyeings obtained in ecological dyeing with reactive dyes on samples of cationised cellulose with three different modifiers may show significant differences in their light fastness.
Irradiation of the stained samples confirmed our hypothesis. The relative change in the color strength of the irradiated samples over time and after 36 hours showed a greater or lesser change. The tests were carried out in comparison to dyeings obtained according to the conventional method.
Further work taking into account the possibilities of other modifiers and dyes with full elimination of electrolytes and alkalis and dyeing in ambient temperature may lead not only to environmental protection, but also to better resistance indicators.