Longitudinal and Radial Variability of Anatomical Properties, Fiber Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Fibrovascular Bundle from Indonesian Arenga Longipes Mogea. Sp. Nov Frond

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to characterize the physical, anatomical, fiber morphology, as well as mechanical properties of fibrovascular bundle (FVB) from Arenga longipes fronds, based on radial and longitudinal direction. In this research, the fronds were divided into three parts in longitudinal direction (bottom, middle, and upper) sections, three parts in radial direction (outer-convex and concave, as well as middle and inner) zones. The FVB’s anatomical and fiber morphology were observed by light microscope, as well as mechanical properties were tested using the universal testing machine (UTM). The results showed that the longitudinal direction variability had different properties physically particularly in relation to the FVB diameter and density, anatomically in terms of the ratio of vascular tissue area (VTA) to total transverse area (TTA), as well as in the fiber morphology and mechanical properties. Radially, the outer position had a higher value variability of diameter, density, and mechanical properties, compared to the middle and inner zones, respectively. Furthermore, there were relationships between the density and mechanical properties as well as the ratio of VTA to TTA and mechanical properties. Based on the results, the FVB of A. longipes fronds was concluded to possess properties variability in the radial and longitudinal direction.

摘要

本研究旨在基于径向和纵向，表征阿龙加叶纤维血管束（FVB）的物理、解剖、纤维形态以及力学性能. 在本研究中，叶片在纵向上分为三个部分（底部、中间和上部），在径向上分为两个部分（外部凸起和凹陷，以及中间和内部）. 用光学显微镜观察FVB的解剖结构和纤维形态，并用通用试验机（UTM）测试其力学性能. 结果表明，纵向变异在物理上具有不同的性质，特别是与FVB直径和密度有关，在解剖学上，在血管组织面积（VTA）与总横向面积（TTA）的比率方面，以及在纤维形态和机械性能方面. 径向上，与中间区域和内部区域相比，外部位置的直径、密度和机械性能具有更高的值可变性. 此外，密度与机械性能以及VTA与TTA的比例与机械性能之间存在关系. 基于这些结果，长叶A.longipes叶的FVB在径向和纵向上具有变异性.

KEYWORDS:

• anatomical properties
• arenga longipes
• fibrovascular bundle
• fronds
• mechanical properties
• sugar palm

关键词:

• 解剖特性
• 纤维血管束
• 叶片
• 机械性能
• 糖棕榈

Highlights

• TheFVB of A. longipes frond has variability properties both longitudinally and radially.

• The fiber morphology of FVB of A. longipes frond is good for raw pulp and paper materials. 

• The variability ratio of vascular tissue area to the total transverse area of FVBof A. longipes influenced the density and mechanical properties of FVB.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Universitas Sumatera Utara for funding this study through the TALENTA Grant Scheme Application Research, No. 174/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA/2022.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval

We confirm that all the research activities meet ethical guidelines and adheres to the legal requirements of the study country. The research does not involve any human or animal-welfare-related issues.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by TALENTA Grant, Scheme of Application Research Universitas Sumatera Utara with No. 174/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA/2022