Green Sustainable Textile Supercritical Dyeing Process Using CO₂ Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) Extract

ABSTRACT

Waterless or reduced water consumption dyeing methods based on supercritical technologies are of interest to fabric manufacturers. The study was aimed at developing a dyeing method for natural fibers, in particular linen and silk, by pressure supercritical impregnation using madder alizarin (R. tinctorum) coloring compound produced by supercritical extraction method as an ecological alternative to conventional dyeing methods. A comparative test of fabric dyeing using supercritical and conventional methods was also carried out. In these dyeing technologies, the pre-treatment process plays an important role in the color intensity. The tests were performed using fabrics without and with mordants, and the results were compared using the color analysis method. The colors of the dyed samples obtained in the supercritical technology are more in shades of carmine, and in the traditional method in duller reds. The proposed modern and ecological dyeing technology guarantees a good resistance to washing and light. Antibacterial activity tests were also performed using supercritical and ethanol extracts. Dyed fabrics play health-promoting and protective roles for their users. Linen fabrics showed antimicrobial activity and positive effects on the skin, which was more moisturized. Waterless technologies should be developed in conjunction with user and environmental impact studies.

摘要

基于超临界技术的无水或降低耗水量的染色方法引起了织物制造商的兴趣. 本研究旨在开发一种天然纤维，特别是亚麻和丝绸的染色方法，采用超临界萃取法生产的茜素（R.tinctorum）着色化合物作为传统染色方法的生态替代品，通过压力超临界浸渍进行染色. 并对超临界法和常规法染色织物进行了对比试验. 在这些染色技术中，预处理过程对颜色强度起着重要作用. 使用不含媒染剂和有媒染剂的织物进行测试，并使用颜色分析方法对结果进行比较. 在超临界技术中获得的染色样品的颜色更多地是胭脂红色调，而在传统方法中是暗红色. 所提出的现代生态染色技术保证了良好的耐洗性和耐光性. 还使用超临界和乙醇提取物进行了抗菌活性测试. 染色织物对使用者起到促进健康和保护作用. 亚麻织物具有抗菌活性，对皮肤有积极作用，使皮肤更加滋润. 应结合用户和环境影响研究开发无水技术.

KEYWORDS:

• Waterless dyeing
• supercritical carbon dioxide
• madder
• silk
• linen
• cleaner production

关键词:

• 无水染色，超临界二氧化碳，很生气,亚麻布
• 清洁生产
• 丝

Highlights

• A polar dye extraction method using charge moistening has been developed, which allowed applying the produced extract in fabric dyeing.

• A simultaneous extraction method of the dye from madder and the dyeing of fabrics from linen and silk by impregnating the dye with supercritical carbon dioxide have been developed.

• The preliminary studies on the biological activity of three extracts were conducted, out of which the supercritical extract (MR) had the highest antibacterial activity

• Samples dyed with the supercritical method have unique shades.

• The process of supercritical dyeing can be repeated using the same dyeing equipment.

Acknowledgments

The Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants implemented the topic: Technology for the production of innovative, naturally colored, functional textile products, financed from the state budget by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Warsaw.

Research Multiannual Program title: “Reconstruction and sustainable development of production and processing of natural fibrous raw materials for the needs of agriculture and economy”

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval statement

We confirm that all the research meets ethical guidelines and adheres to the legal requirements of the study country. The research does not involve any human or animal welfare related ethical matters.

Additional information

Funding

details: This research was supported by the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Resolution of the Council of Ministers 171/2017/20