Investigating the Effect of Varied Short Bamboo Fiber Content on the Thermal, Impact, and Flexural Properties of Green Epoxy Composites

ABSTRACT

     In this study, the thermal and mechanical characteristics of bamboo fiber-reinforced greenpoxy matrix composites were evaluated by varying the fiber loading from 30wt.% to 60wt.% during the compression molding process. The thermal behavior using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their impact and flexural properties of the composites were studied. The results indicate that thermal characterization, the highest peak E’ was observed: B-40 > B-60 > B-30 > B-50, while the peak E’‘ was found to be B-40 > B-30 > B-60 > B-50. The order for tan delta was B-30 > B-40 > B-50 > B-60. The TGA results indicated improved thermal stability with increasing fiber loading, as evidenced by higher residue % and lower weight loss %. Regarding the mechanical properties the impact strength of the composites increased with increasing fiber loading, with the maximum value of 8435.33 J/m2 at 50wt.%. The composite with a 60wt.% fiber loading showed the highest flexural modulus (4.70GPa), while the flexural strength improved at 40wt.%. The SEM analysis of fractured specimens from flexural tests of composite materials with varying fiber volume fractions revealed that an optimal balance between fiber and matrix resin enhanced mechanical properties.

摘要

在本研究中，通过改变纤维负载量（30 wt%）来评估竹纤维增强绿环氧基复合材料的热性能和力学性能至60 wt%在压缩成型过程中. 竹纤维作为复合材料中的增强材料因其环保性质而越来越受欢迎，而绿环氧树脂的加入增强了这种复合材料的可持续性和生物降解性. 利用动态力学分析（DMA）和热重分析（TGA）研究了复合材料的热行为及其冲击和弯曲性能. 结果表明，在热表征中，观察到最高的峰E:’ B-40>B-60>B-30>B-50，而峰E’’为B-40>B-30>B-60>B-50. tanδ的顺序为B-30>B-40>B-50>B-60. TGA结果表明，随着纤维负载量的增加，热稳定性得到改善，如更高的残余%和更低的重量损失%所证明的. 关于机械性能，复合材料的冲击强度随着纤维负载的增加而增加，在50 wt%时观察到最大值为8435.33J/m2. 具有60 wt%的复合材料纤维负载显示出最高的弯曲模量（4.70GPa），而在40 wt%的纤维负载下弯曲强度显著提高. 对不同纤维体积分数的复合材料弯曲试验中断裂试样的SEM分析表明，纤维和基体树脂之间的最佳平衡增强了机械性能，而过多的纤维对复合材料的结构和性能有不利影响.

KEYWORDS:

• Bamboo fibers
• bio-epoxy
• dynamic mechanical analysis
• thermogravimetric analysis
• flexural properties
• impact strength

关键词:

• 竹纤维
• 生物环氧树脂
• 动态力学分析
• 热重分析
• 弯曲特性
• Impact strength冲击强度

Highlights

• Thermal and mechanical characteristics of composites made by varying the bamboo fiber loading in a greenpoxy matrix explores the use of bamboo fibers as reinforcement.

• The incorporation of greenpoxy into these composites is highlighted for its role in enhancing sustainability and biodegradability.

• Research shows a relationship between fiber loading and thermal properties, with different trends observed for peak E,’ peak E’,’ and tan delta values for the various fiber loadings.

• The impact strength increased as the fiber loading increased, reaching a maximum value at 50 wt.%.

• The flexural modulus was highest at 60 wt.% fiber loading, while flexural strength showed significant improvement at 40 wt.%.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contribution

S.K, B.S.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing. C.M: Investigation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing. M. Jawaid: Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing, Validation, Resources, Funding. H.F.: Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing. A.S.I: Methodology, Investigation, Characterization; N.S.: Validation, Writing – Review & Editing. R.K., B.S: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing.

Additional information

Funding

The authors also extend their gratitude to Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R117) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this work.