Recent Developments in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber Composite

ABSTRACT

The materials sector has grown significantly over the last few decades. One from the community worldwide has embraced using natural fibers and biopolymers in many products due to significant problems with petroleum supplies and concerns about using synthetic plastics as biomaterials. The availability of lignocellulosic fiber polymer composites worldwide, in addition to their low carbon emissions and biodegradability, has caught the enthusiasm of scientists and engineers. One of the main crops grown in Indonesia is oil palm, which has the potential to provide lignocellulosic fibers for composites. The increase in fiber increased the mechanical properties of the composite. The compatibility of OPEFB with other materials in the composite is essential to ensure specific applications. There is still a little detailed examination of the mechanical properties of OPEFB biocomposite and factors, including polymer type and fiber size, that can impact mechanical performance. However, according to various articles, OPEFB is a potential raw material for reinforcing material in composites without being continuously developed, so research innovations on OPEFB composites are needed.

摘要

在过去的几十年里，材料行业有了显著的增长. 由于石油供应方面的重大问题以及对使用合成塑料作为生物材料的担忧，来自世界各地的一位社区人士已经接受在许多产品中使用天然纤维和生物聚合物. 木质纤维素纤维聚合物复合材料除了具有低碳排放和生物降解性外，在全球范围内的可用性也引起了科学家和工程师的热情. 印尼种植的主要作物之一是油棕，它有潜力为复合材料提供木质纤维素纤维. 纤维的增加增加了复合材料的机械性能. OPEFB与复合材料中其他材料的兼容性对于确保特定应用至关重要. 对OPEFB生物复合材料的机械性能以及影响机械性能的因素，包括聚合物类型和纤维尺寸，仍有一些详细的研究. 然而，根据各种文章，OPEFB是一种潜在的复合材料增强材料原材料，尚未得到持续开发，因此需要对OPEFB复合材料进行研究创新.

KEYWORDS:

• Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber
• polymer composite
• surface modification
• thermoplastic
• thermoset

关键词:

• 油棕空果包纤维
• 聚合物复合材料
• 表面改性
• 热塑性塑料
• thermoset热固性的

Acknowledgments

Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi, Kementrian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Republic of Indonesia, Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), and Brawijaya University supported this work. The authors would like to highly acknowledge financial support received from Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

Melbi Mahardika conceived and designed the manuscript review. Aminatuz Zakiyah and Melbi Mahardika wrote the manuscript. Siti Mariyah Ulfa, Rushdan Ahmad, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, and Devita Amelia approved the manuscript. Victor Feizal Knight and Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim collaborated, institutional support, and responsibility for the publication fees.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

There is no need for any ethical approval in this study given here in this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Financial support received from Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) [-].