Satellite nighttime remote sensing promotes the spatially refined monitoring and assessment of offshore fishery

ABSTRACT

Offshore small-scale fisheries, constituting 31% of global marine captures, are crucial for the promotion of sustainable fisheries. However, current fishery monitoring, assessments, and management remain incomplete. Nighttime remote sensing provides a critical perspective for monitoring fishery activities. Thus, in this study, a dynamic threshold fishing vessel detection (DTFVD) model was developed to assess and manage the spatiotemporal variations of offshore fisheries. Results demonstrated that the DTFVD model provides superior accuracy in nighttime fishery monitoring and can successfully identify a robust seasonal bimodal distribution of the Yellow-Bohai Sea's fisheries. By analysing the impacts of climate, environmental, and policy factors, this study reveals that ocean dynamics affect the seasonal and geographic distribution of offshore nighttime fisheries by enhancing ocean mixing and ecological processes. The effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns and Chinese summer fishing moratorium on offshore fisheries were also determined by nighttime remote sensing. According to future climate warming predictions, the habitats for the recruited migratory fish population may gradually move northward and disappear under climate risks, leading to the disappearance of suitable fishing areas for nighttime fisheries. Therefore, this study suggests integrating nighttime remote sensing into offshore fishery monitoring and assessment efforts for climate-adapted fishery management strategies.

KEYWORDS:

• Nighttime remote sensing
• fishery activity monitoring
• fishery management
• climate change
• Yellow-Bohai Sea

Acknowledgements

We especially thank the Global Fishing Watch for their support of the AIS data.

Author contributions

H. Tian constructed the DTFVD and fishery distribution models and wrote the paper. H. Sun preprocessed the NTL images. J.C. Li guided the oceanographic characteristics of the Yellow-Bohai Sea. Q.W. Xing calculated the oceanographic fronts. Y.J. Tian reviewed and edited the manuscript. Y. Liu conceived the study and analysed and edited the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data used in this study are available by contacting the corresponding author.