https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-8596
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ABSTRACT
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has long been assumed to be the sole route across the nuclear envelope, and under normal homeostatic conditions it is indeed the main mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, it has also been known that e.g. herpesviruses cross the nuclear envelope utilizing a pathway entitled nuclear egress or envelopment/de-envelopment. Despite this, a thread of observations suggests that mechanisms similar to viral egress may be transiently used also in healthy cells. It has since been proposed that mechanisms like nuclear envelope budding (NEB) can facilitate the transport of RNA granules, aggregated proteins, inner nuclear membrane proteins, and mis-assembled NPCs. Herein, we will summarize the known roles of NEB as a physiological and intrinsic cellular feature and highlight the many unanswered questions surrounding these intriguing nuclear events.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Jacomina Krijsne Locker and Martin Beck for their expert comments on virology and NPCs, respectively. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (J4342-B21 to VK), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (2017.009 to SB and JLH), the Swedish Research Council VR (2019-05249 and 2019-04004 to SB and JLH, respectively), Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmästare (207-0527 to SB), and Cancerfonden (21 1865 Pj 01 H and 22 2488 Pj to JLH and SB, respectively).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).