Screening of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria based on inhibitory activity against oral bacteria and effects of oral administration of heat-killed Ligilactobacillus salivarius CP3365 on periodontal health in healthy participants: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

ABSTRACT

Objectives

The aims of this study were to select heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HKL) with antibiotic activity and investigate the efficacy of this bacteria in maintaining periodontal parameters in healthy participants.

Materials and methods

An in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the inhibitory efficacy of lactic acid bacteria against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum. The effects of HKL administration on various parameters (plaque control record, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth) were assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants in the test and placebo groups (n = 32) consumed oral tablets containing placebo or HKL daily for 8 weeks. Oral bacteria in supra-plaque and saliva were identified using 16S rRNA gene community profiling analysis.

Results

Heat-killed Ligilactobacillus salivarius CP3365 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the viability of oral bacteria and was selected for clinical trials. Administration of HKL CP3365 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited increases in each parameter. No changes in the relative abundance of P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum were detected by HKL CP3365, but the relative abundance of oral bacteria (genera Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Haemophilus) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased.

Conclusion

HKL CP3365 effectively inhibited oral bacteria growth and was useful for maintaining periodontal health.

Clinical Trial Registration

[https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm], identifier [UMIN000045656].

KEYWORDS:

• Bleeding on probing (BOP)
• dental plaque
• heat-killed lactic acid bacteria
• Ligilactobacillus salivarius CP3365
• probing pocket depth (PPD)

Disclosure statement

S.S., Y. S., M.Y., and T.H. are employees of Asahi Quality and Innovations Ltd., which is affiliated with Asahi Group Holdings Ltd., and they prepared CP3365 and the placebo. T.S receives research consulting fees from Kyowa Trial Co., Ltd.

Author contributions

S. S. and T. S. conceived and designed the experiments. S. S. and Y. S. performed the experiments. S. S and M. Y. analyzed the data. S. S., T. S., and T. H. supervised the study. S. S., M. Y., T. S., and T. H. wrote the paper. All authors agreed to the final submitted and published version of the manuscript.

Data availability statement

The sequencing data presented in the study are deposited in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. DRR426262-DRR426509.

Supplementary Material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2250649

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by Asahi Groups Holdings, Ltd., Japan.