Mediterranean diet: a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases

ABSTRACT

Background

The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic assemblage of microorganisms that colonize different sites of the oral cavity maintaining both oral and systemic health. Therefore, when its composition is altered, oral diseases occur. Among oral inflammatory pathologies, periodontal diseases affect the tissues surrounding the teeth, representing the main cause of tooth loss and one of the most important threats to the oral health. Lifestyle and eating habits influence the composition of the human oral microbiota and the development and progression of oral diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) model, comprising both healthy dietary choices and lifestyle, is linked to the prevention of several metabolic and chronic-degenerative pathological processes, including oral diseases. Indeed, the MD is a plant-based diet, enriched of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients, which may induce beneficial effects against dental caries and periodontal diseases.

Aim

This review summarizes the role of the oral microbiome in the development of the oral diseases and the potential of MD in modulating the oral microbiome leading to implications for oral health.

Conclusions

The data collected highlight the need to promote the MD pattern along with the correct hygiene habits to prevent the development of oral diseases.

3 key messages

• The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic assemblage of microorganisms that colonize different sites of the oral cavity maintaining both oral and systemic health.

• The Mediterranean Diet (MD) model, comprising both healthy dietary choices and lifestyle, is linked to the prevention of several metabolic and chronic degenerative pathological processes, including oral diseases.

• The MD may represent a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases.

KEYWORDS:

• Mediterranean Diet
• oral microbiome
• oral diseases
• periodontal diseases
• chronic metabolic diseases
• dental plaque
• biofilm
• nutrients
• oral health implications

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the EU Regional Operational Programme Calabria, Italy (POR Calabria FESR-FSE 2014–2020) DI. ME. NU. (prot. #52243/2017) at the Department of Pharmacy, and the Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy.