https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5028-3482
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ABSTRACT
Background
Despite evidence linking viruses and oral microbiome to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), limited whole genome sequencing research has been conducted on the oral virome (a viral component of the microbiome) of untreated RA patients. This pilot research seeks to address this knowledge gap by comparing the oral virome of untreated rheumatoid arthritis patients (RAs) and healthy individuals (HCs).
Method
Whole genome DNA sequence of saliva samples from 45 participants including 21 RAs and 24 age and gender matched HCs was obtained from the BioProject: PRJEB6997. Metaphlan3 pipeline and LEfSe analysis were used for the viral signature detection. Wilcoxon pairwise test and ROC analysis were used to validate and predict signatures.
Results
RA exhibits higher alpha diversity compared to HCs. Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3, Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV), Murid betaherpesvirus 8, and Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 were enriched in RAs, while Aotine betaherpesvirus 1 from the Cytomegalovirus genus was enriched in HCs. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer virus M1 (ScV-M1) was found to be enriched in RAs, whereas bacteriophage Hk97virus (Siphoviridae) and Cd119virus (Myoviridae) were enriched in HCs.
Conclusion
This study identifies significant DNA oral viral signatures at species level as potential biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Abbreviations
| ACPAs | = | Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies |
| AUR | = | Area under curve |
| bDMARD | = | biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
| EBNA | = | Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen |
| EBV | = | Epstein-Barr virus |
| γHV68 | = | Gammaherpesvirus 68 |
| HCMV | = | Human Cytomegalovirus |
| LEfSe | = | Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size |
| NMDS | = | Non-metric multidimensional scaling |
| ROC | = | Receiver operating characteristic |
| RA | = | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| RF | = | Rheumatoid factor |
| ScV-M1 | = | Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer virus M1 |
| TSS | = | Total Sum Scaling |
| TFNI | = | Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor |
| VCA | = | Viral capsid antigen |
| WGS | = | Whole genome sequence |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2024.2348260.