Novel test-rig for compaction behaviour analysis of textile reinforcements for improved RTM-process replication

Abstract

This paper presents a novel testing method for evaluating the compaction behaviour of textile reinforcements in the context of liquid composite moulding processes. The existing testing approach utilizing pre-saturated samples (ex-ante) fails to accurately represent the unsaturated state of samples during vacuum infusion or resin transfer moulding (RTM) processes, leading to unreliable results and potential discrepancies with simulation. To address this limitation, a newly designed test-rig is introduced in this study, enabling compressibility testing based on real process specifications. The proposed method allows for the measurement of both dry and wet compression characteristics using a single specimen through in-situ impregnation of the materials under compressive load. Moreover, the test-rig enables tests according to ex-ante specifications, facilitating direct comparison with the proposed in-situ method. Finally, the test-rig allows for compressibility tests at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. This is of particular relevance for studying the compaction behaviour of bindered technical fabrics. Preliminary comparative tests demonstrate excellent agreement between the results obtained using the ex-ante method under the 2020 international benchmark exercise and the novel in-situ impregnation method. This confirms the validity and reliability of the results obtained through the proposed testing method. By providing a more realistic representation of the compaction behaviour of textile reinforcements, the novel approach presented in this study offers valuable insights for optimizing liquid composite moulding processes and improving the accuracy of simulation models.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Compaction
• in-situ Impregnation
• RTM

Acknowledgements

The authors kindly acknowledge the financial support provided by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology within the frame of the FTI initiatives ‘Evolution#4’, which is administered by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Marcel Bender, upon reasonable request.