Environmental remediation promotes the restoration of biodiversity in the Shenzhen Bay Estuary, South China

ABSTRACT

Background

Rapid urbanization has greatly changed land-use patterns in many estuarine areas around the world, including the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) resulting in serious water pollution and ecosystem degradation. Shenzhen City has conducted comprehensive ecological management and restoration in the Shenzhen Bay since 2007. The natural vegetation consisting of mangroves, semi-mangroves, wetland plants, and terrestrial plants were restored from the bund to the inner bank of the Fengtang River. Rain and sewage flow diversion systems were established. The non-point source and point-source sewage are now treated in municipal sewage treatment plants, then naturally flow through the constructed wetland, and then through a natural wetland, restored natural embankment, and finally through mangrove communities substantially improving water quality.

Result

The restoration of the wetland has increased animal and microbial diversity and has supported the establishment of a complex and stable food web. With water purification and habitat restoration, the number of alien invasive plants in the estuarine ecosystem has decreased, and the diversity of native species of birds, fish, macrobenthos, amphibians, and reptiles has increased.

Conclusion

These improvements indicate that human beings and nature can coexist in support of the sustainable development of Shenzhen City.

KEYWORDS:

• Coastal city
• sewage treatment
• ecological restoration
• mangrove
• bird diversity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Key Supporting Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of P. R. China [2007BAC28B04] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31961143023).