How urbanization affect the ecosystem health of Tibet based on terrain gradients: a case study of Shannan, China

ABSTRACT

Urbanization has significant impacts on ecosystem health (ESH) by affecting land-use patterns. The evaluation of the ESH and the spatial correlations between human interference provides an insight into sustainable development as a response to potential ecological degradation if ESH is threatened by further urbanization. We applied the Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Services (VORS) modelto detect the responses of ESH of Shannan Prefecture in the Tibet to urbanization from 1990 to 2015, based on different levels of terrain gradients. The results show that the ESH of the most areas in Shannan reaches the levels of highest health and average health during the study period. By 2015, the area proportion at the highest health level increased by 0.68%, while that of degraded level decreased by 1.51%. Overall, the ESH of areas tends to shrink at higher-level TGs, and urban sprawl with ESH shrinking existed in middle-level TGs in Shannan. Furthermore, a significant spatial aggregation effect was found concerning that low ESH–high CUL type is mainly distributed on the middle-level TGs with dense human population. The results highlight the needs to rationally organize urbanization process in plateau regions based on different TGs, which contribute to maintain ESH advancing people livelihood improvement.

KEYWORDS:

• Ecosystem health
• terrain gradient
• urbanization
• spatial correlation
• Shannan

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (No.2019QZKK0308) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42101290). The authors would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviews for their helpful comments.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (No.2019QZKK0308) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42101290).