Development of a modified thermal humidity index and its application to human thermal comfort of urban vegetation patches

ABSTRACT

Extremely hot environments can trigger serious health problems. To evaluate the effects of microclimate on thermal comfort, we proposed and validated a modified thermal humidity index (MTHI) that combined air temperature and relative humidity with land surface temperature (LST). MTHI was more sensitive to microclimate changes than the general thermal humidity index that includes only T and RH, and thus the thermal comfort could be better indicated. In an urban riparian buffer study, we estimated the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of MTHI values for 47 vegetation patches and explored how structural characteristics of patches affect the thermal comfort. The results showed that planting could significantly reduce LST and MTHI. Vegetation patches with complex vertical structures had considerably higher thermal comfort than those with simple structures. Decreasing nearest distance to river or increasing plant abundance could reduce the thermal discomfort. There were significant differences in the structure characteristics between the patches with MTHI <70 and those with MTHI >70, implying the critical thresholds of variations in thermal comfort with patch structure. Given that people always feel uncomfortable during the daytime in July, optimizing the patch structure is essential to improve the microclimate regulation services of an urban landscape.

KEYWORDS:

• Land surface temperature
• nearest distance to river
• vertical vegetation structure
• vegetation coverage
• tree canopy density
• adjacent patch index

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the graduate students who helped us conduct field work and the visitors who gave their active responses on our surveys. We would like to thank all reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments. Finally, we would like to thank Editage (http://www.editage.cn/index.html) for English language editing.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation [grant numbers 8181001 and 8132045], and the Key Topics in Innovation Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [grant number Y225016EA2].