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ABSTRACT
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are highly infectious viral diseases affecting young children and have high secondary attack rates. Present MMR vaccines show consistent seroconversion rates for anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies with variable responses for anti-mumps antibodies. Most common strains for MMR vaccines, currently available in India, are the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, Leningrad Zagreb (L-Z) mumps strain, and the RA 27/3 rubella strain. L-Z strain of mumps virus has been found to be associated with aseptic meningitis by different studies from different parts of the world including India. Recently, a novel freeze-dried MMR vaccine developed by Zydus Lifesciences (Zyvac MMR) contains Edmonston Zagreb measles strain, Hoshino mumps strain, and RA 27/3 rubella strain. The Hoshino strain is WHO approved and was found to induce interferon gamma production. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the data available on the safety and immunogenicity of the novel MMR vaccine.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Niveditha Hariharan (Senior Medical Writer) and Rupali Jangid (Manager, Medical Affairs) for providing assistance in writing the original manuscript, Dr. Kausik Ganguly (Senior Medical Writer) and Dr. Debmalya Sengupta (Lead Medical Writer) for providing assistance in revising the manuscript and Dr. Venugopal Madhusudhana (Vice President, Medical Affairs) for additional editorial assistance in the development of this manuscript. All the above belong to THB c/o Sekhmet Technologies Pvt Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Disclosure statement
Dr Trayambak Dutta is the medical advisor of Medical affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Pvt Ltd and Dr Manish Mahajan is the lead of medical affairs, Zydus Lifesciences. The other authors reported no other conflicts of interest for this work.
Author contributions
NS: Contributed to conception and design; drafted manuscript; gave final approval; agrees to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity and accuracy.
AG: Contributed to conception and design.
KK: Contributed to the acquisition and drafting.
TD: Contributed to conception and design; drafted manuscript; gave final approval; agrees to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity and accuracy.
MM: Conception, critically reviewed the manuscript and provided final approval.