TrmGLU-Net: transformer-augmented global-local U-Net for hyperspectral image classification with limited training samples

ABSTRACT

In recent years, deep learning methods have been widely used for the classification of hyperspectral images. However, their limited availability under the condition of small samples remains a serious issue. Moreover, the current mainstream approaches based on convolutional neural networks do well in local feature extraction but are also restricted by its limited receptive field. Hence, these models are unable to capture long-distance dependencies both on spatial and spectral dimension. To address above issues, this paper proposes a global-local U-Net augmented by transformers (TrmGLU-Net). First, whole hyperspectral images are input to the model for end-to-end training to capture the contextual information. Then, a transformer-augmented U-Net is designed with alternating transformers and convolutional layers to perceive both global and local information. Finally, a superpixel-based label expansion method is proposed to expand the labels and improve the performance under the condition of small samples. Extensive experiments on four hyperspectral scenes demonstrate that TrmGLU-Net has better performance than other advanced patch-level and image-level methods with limited training samples. The relevant code will be opened at https://github.com/sssssyf/TrmGLU-Net

KEYWORDS:

• Hyperspectral image classification
• deep learning
• convolutional neural network
• self-attention
• U-Net
• superpixel segmentation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province [222300420387]