https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-1287
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Abstract
In recent times, there has been a growing focus on multi-micro-grids (MMGs) system, owing to its well-suited structures for efficiently accommodating large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DER). This attention is driven by the system’s cost-effectiveness, enhanced efficiency, stability, and reliability performance, achieved through the collaborative exchange of power flow among individual micro-grids (MGs) and the main grid. Fundamental strategies for attaining optimal energy flow and sharing involve the optimal sizing of MGs and the implementation of an Energy Management System (EMS). These strategies play a crucial role in addressing uncertainties associated with intermittent generation, load fluctuations and energy market dynamics. This paper offers a review of grid-connected MMG topologies, EMS structures, coordination methods and current optimization approaches designed to meet EMS objectives. To address the inherent volatilities, the paper introduces various uncertainty quantification techniques along with current challenges. Additionally, it suggests future directions, emphasizing intelligent and predictive modeling to handle uncertainties, as well as recommending the incorporation of energy storage systems (ESSs) to align with emerging trends.
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Notes on contributors
Dessalegn Bitew Aeggegn
Dessalegn Bitew Aeggegn obtained his B.Sc. from Debre Markos University in Electrical and computer Engineering in 2015, and gained his M.Sc. from Bahir Dar University in 2019 in Power system Engineering. He embraced the role of a lecturer at Debre Markos University teaching various electrical power engineering courses. He has authored and co-authored more than ten research articles. Currently he is pursuing his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Pan African university institute for basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation. His research interests include Microgrid, renewable energy resources, power quality and artificial intelligent based control.
George Nyauma Nyakoe
George Nyauma Nyakoe graduated in 1993 with a B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Nairobi. He received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Tottori University, Japan, in 2000 and 2003, respectively. He is currently a Professor at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) and an adjunct professor at the Pan African University Institute for Basic Science, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Kenya. His current research interests include control of power electronic systems, renewable energy integration and artificial intelligence applications.
Cyrus Wekesa
Cyrus Wekesa received the B.S. Cyrus Wabuge Wekesa received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, and the Ph.D. degree from Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan, all in electrical engineering. Currently, he is an Associate Professor with the School of Engineering, University of Eldoret. Previously, he has taught at the Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology and the University of Nairobi. He is a pioneer Researcher in renewable energy sources for electrification in Kenya and has published papers. He has successfully supervised more than 25 M.Sc./Ph.D. students. His research interests include electrical power systems, distributed energy resources, demand side management, demand response, and energy management.