Toxicological evaluation of ethanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on lungs, stomach, brain and hematological parameters of Wistar rats

Abstract

In this study, the effects of subacute Pterocarpus santalinus (rosewood) consumption on lung, brain, stomach, and hematological parameters in Wistar rats were evaluated. Mice of both sexes were used in the experiment. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of red sandalwood, and group 1 was given distilled water (10 ml/kg). Animals were kept in standard cages for 28 days and extracts were taken orally before being weighed and sacrificed. Histological analysis was performed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique. The brain, spleen, and stomach were also carefully removed and examined histologically. RBC, HGB, and MCV decreased slightly (P < 0.05), but there was no change in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, or platelets. No significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in the brain, spleen, and stomach of mice in all dose groups. Lung histopathological analysis showed no difference in alveolitis and perivasculitis at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, but there were no changes in the brain and intestines. The plant is also safe to eat. Due to minor hematological effects, caution is advised with long-term use.

Keywords:

• Rat
• Pterocarpus santalinus
• brain
• stomach
• lungs

REVIEWING EDITOR:

• M. Luisa Escudero-Gilete, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria

SUBJECTS:

• Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
• Botany
• Soil Sciences
• Allied Health
• Research methods

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) for funding this research through Researchers supporting Project number RSP2024 R406.

Authors’ contributions

All authors were involved in designing the protocol for the research. They were also responsible for interpreting of results and writing of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there are not any potential conflicts of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Oyepata Simeon Joseph

Oyepata Simeon Joseph is currently with Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Ekiti State, Nigeria. He had his first degree as B.Pharm, a Master degree in Pharmacology and Ph.D in Pharmacology and Toxicology. He is currently a Lecturer and researcher at FUOYE. Also, he has done and published research works that are very relevant to the past, present, and future. Many of these works have been published and recognized in relevant journals and research sites. He is a passionate philosopher and researcher interested in ethnopharmacology, toxicology, clinical, genetic, molecular, and natural Science.