https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-2637
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Abstract
The fields of agronomy and pesticides have assumed significant roles in contemporary society. Pesticides can have adverse effects on human health, both in the short and long term. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the various categories of pesticides, providing a thorough examination of their modes of operation, prevalence, and global utilization. A critical review of reported research has been conducted to investigate the carcinogenic effects of agricultural pesticide use on human health. The widespread utilization of malathion and parathion for pest management indicates that individual occupational choices significantly impact their exposure to these chemicals. Pesticides can cause neurological abnormalities, reproductive problems, respiratory irritations, ecological disturbance, and the emergence of pest resistance, among other sublethal consequences beyond their carcinogenicity (breast cancer, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, bladder cancer, and leukemia). Ultimately, there is an anticipation for a forthcoming surge in endeavors to mitigate the utilization of hazardous pesticides and the consequent peril they pose to human well-being and the ecosystem.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
REVIEWING EDITOR:
Author contributions
Mohamed El Oirdi, Muhammad Asam Raza, and Mohd Farhan have designed the whole project. Muhammad Yaseen and Umme Farwa have drawn the structures and helped in data collection. Furqan Ali and Zeshan Ali Sandhu helped in drawn the figures. Mohamed El Oirdi and Mohd Farhan have written the first draft. Mohamed El Oirdi, Mohd Farhan, Hena Saeed Khan, and Insha Nahvi have finalized and helped in polishing the manuscript.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data is available on request from corresponding author.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Mohamed El Oirdi
Dr. Mohamed El Oirdi is an Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. His area of expertise is molecular plant-microbe interactions underlying plant immunity and the strategies employed by pathogens to evade these defenses. Recently, he has expanded his research to the investigation of DNA damage and chemoprevention mechanisms exploring the roles of plant polyphenols.
Muhammad Yaseen
Muhammad Yaseen has completed his Bachelor of science from Govt PG Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif Swat. Now, he is doing his Master of philosophy from Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19130, Swat, Pakistan. His research interest is synthesis of natural organic product and nanomaterial. He has well expertise in molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation.
Umme Farwa
Umme Farwa received her Master’s of Philosophy degree from the Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan in 2021. She is currently doing her PhD in Chemistry. Her present research interests are synthesis of heterocyclic organic compounds, nanomaterials, treatment of wastewater, bioenergy production, microbial community analysis, phytoxity studies, computational studies, and pharmaceutical applications.
Muhammad Asam Raza
Dr. Muhammad Asam Raza is a distinguished researcher and academician with a strong background in the field of chemistry. He earned his Ph.D. in Chemistry from GC University Lahore, Currently, Dr. Raza holds the esteemed position of Associate Professor at the University of Gujrat in Pakistan. His research journey has been marked by a profound focus on synthesis of new molecules and their application related to medicinal chemistry. Driven by a commitment to advancing scientific knowledge, he is working on synthesis of nanomaterials for industrial and environmental application. Dr. Raza’s contributions to the academic community are exemplified by his impressive publication record, which boasts more than 100 articles in reputable journals. Beyond his research endeavor, Dr. Raza has generously shared his expertise by serving as reviewers for numerous esteemed scientific journals.
Mohd Farhan
Dr. Mohd Farhan is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. His research interest includes understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity of plant-derived nutraceuticals.
Zeshan Ali Sandhu
Zeshan Ali Sandhu is a distinguished scientific researcher and scholar in the field of Chemistry holding an MPhil degree in Chemistry from the University of Gujrat. His academic journey has been marked by exceptional dedication and a passion for advancing the frontiers of scientific knowledge. Zeshan exhibited a keen aptitude for practical application of the theoretical concepts. He has expertise spans a variety of domains, including Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Energy storage devices, and Environment remediation. Their interdisciplinary approach and holistic understanding of these areas showcase a unique ability to connect diverse scientific principles.
Furqan Ali
Mr. Furqan Ali, a dedicated and accomplished researcher in the field of extinguish studies, hailing from the esteemed University of Sialkot in Pakistan. With a formidable academic background, Mr. Ali holds a prestigious MPhil. degree, showcasing his commitment to scholarly excellence. Currently focusing his expertise on biomedical applications, Mr. Ali emerges as a leading figure in this dynamic domain.
Mohammad Aatif
Dr. Mohammad Aatif is an Assistant Professor of Public Health at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. His key research interests are in the areas of protein interaction biology and the anticancer activity of dietary compounds.
Hena Saeed Khan
Ms. Hena Saeed Khan is currently a lecturer in the Department of Basic Sciences at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. She obtained her master’s degree in botany from Pakistan. She has teaching experience of more than 5 years in the area of biological sciences. She has co-authored a number of publications.
Insha Nahvi
Ms. Insha Nahvi is currently a lecturer in the Department of Basic Sciences at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. She obtained her master’s degree in microbiology from India. She has teaching experience spanning more than 10 years in the area of biological sciences. She has co-authored a number of research articles, review papers, and book chapters.