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Research Article

“Sing and make music to the Lord”: cultural difference in South Africa’s urban religious soundscapes

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Abstract

Scholars of contemporary Christianity have long noted the importance of sacred music in constructing faith communities and distinguishing religious actors from one another. Drawing on historical and ethnographic evidence gathered over 16 months in Johannesburg, South Africa, I examine the role of music in contributing to the Christian identity of conservative evangelicals and in mediating their relationship with religious others. For the interdenominational, multiracial network of conservative Christians with whom I worked, music sung during weekly church services was carefully curated to meet elders’ pastoral aims informed by the conventions of orthodox Christian theology, yet it was also a site of tension and innovation as efforts to appeal to wider demographics were implemented. The palpable contrast between this music style and that of more charismatic evangelical churches was a point of implicit social commentary, semiotically standing in for the spectre of dangerous religious difference. This ethnographic research illustrates the power of embodied, sonic “feeling” to maintain cultural boundaries in South Africa’s heterogeneous religious soundscapes.

Os estudiosos do cristianismo contemporâneo há muito notaram a importância da música sacra na construção de comunidades de fé e na distinção de atores religiosos uns dos outros. Com base em evidências históricas e etnográficas coletadas ao longo de 16 meses em Joanesburgo, na África do Sul, examino o papel da música na contribuição para a identidade cristã de evangélicos conservadores e na mediação da sua relação com outros religiosos. Para a rede interdenominacional e multirracial de cristãos conservadores com quem trabalhei, as músicas cantadas durante os cultos semanais na igreja eram cuidadosamente selecionadas para atender aos objetivos pastorais dos mais velhos, instruídos pelas convenções da teologia cristã ortodoxa, embora a música fosse também um local de tensão e inovação à medida que eram implementados esforços para atrair uma demografia mais ampla. O contraste palpável entre este estilo musical e o das igrejas evangélicas mais carismáticas era um ponto de comentário social implícito, substituindo semioticamente o fantasma da perigosa diferença religiosa. Esta pesquisa etnográfica evidencia o poder do “sentimento” sonoro e corporificado para manter as fronteiras culturais nas heterogêneas paisagens sonoras religiosas da África do Sul.

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