Hospital admission and its common causes in children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Lilongwe Malawi between 2001 and 2016: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Paediatric HIV data shows a variable and sometimes catastrophic response in the initial stage of ART regimen administration. The burden of disease that affects children in their first year of treatment is not comprehensively available.

Objective

Objective of our study was to describe patterns of admission in children; before ART initiation, within the first six months, and post-six months of ART between 2001 and 2016.

Methods

Principal caregivers of 260 children (45.7% females 54.2% males, all <15 years) on ART for at least six months were interviewed about admissions of their children. Diagnoses were verified from the health passport books. Data on age, sex, date of ART initiation was obtained from the database of Baylor College of Medicine in Lilongwe. Data were analysed using Excel for descriptive analysis. Chi Square Test was used to test for significance.

Results

There were more admissions before starting ART 74% (95%CI 68.67–79.33%) vs. 42% (95%CI 36.00–48.00%), after starting ART (p = <0.001 at 5% significance level); after six months of ART 34% (95%CI 28.24–39.76) vs. 20% (95% CI 15.51–24.86%) (p = <0.001 at 5% significance level). The commonest causes of admission were pneumonia, malaria, tuberculosis, anaemia; no difference in causes of admission within the first and after six months of ART initiation.

Conclusion

ART significantly reduces admission in children living with HIV. The common causes of admission are HIV non-specific conditions. No difference between causes of admission within and after six months of ART.

Keywords:

• Admission
• children
• ART
• patterns
• paediatric HIV

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the late Dr. Kazembe of Baylor College of Medicine and his entire team for allowing us to conduct the study at their institution. This was undergraduate research work required for completion of a degree. The views expressed in this article are our own, not those of the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences. We developed the concept, designed the study, collected data, ran the analyses, and wrote the paper ourselves as students. This work was earlier presented at Paediatric and Child Health Association Conference in 2017, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Research Dissemination Conference in 2017, and International Student Congress Of (Bio) Medical Science in 2018, Groningen, Netherlands.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This project was funded by the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences through the Department of Epidemiology and Statistics.