https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-017X
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Ethics Approval and Informed Consent
All the participants provided written informed consent. The Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics approved the NHANES III (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm). Data and materials produced by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are in the public domain and can be used without permission.
Acknowledgment
We wish to thank NHANES program for their effort on data collection and sharing. Yangang Wang and Hongwei Ji are senior authors.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
Additional information
Funding
This study was funded in part by the National Key R & D Program of China (2022YFC2502800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82103908), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2021QH014), the Shuimu Scholar Program of Tsinghua University, and National Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (BX20230189). The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.