Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Ocular Toxoplasmosis with Multiple Recurrences

Abstract

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. Humans can be infected congenitally or postnatally. The typical lesion of ocular toxoplasmosis is focal necrotizing retinitis with overlying vitritis, which lead to hyperpigmented retinochoroidal scar at resolution of lesion. Macula involvement can cause substantial visual impairment. The high incidence of disease reactivation may lead to greater risk of vision loss. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging method to visualize the vascular and density perfusion of the retina and choroid, which cannot be obtained by conventional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In this case report, we present two cases of active ocular toxoplasmosis with multiple recurrences to study pathological changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature. The findings reveal the involvement of all of the retinal layers in the choroid, with distinct changes in the deep retinal layer.

Keywords:

• ocular toxoplasmosis
• retinochoroiditis
• recurrent
• optical coherence tomography angiography

Informed Consent for Publication

Written consent for publication of case details and accompanying images was obtained from the patients. Institutional approval to publish the case details has been obtained from Health Research Ethics Commission of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang number 400/155/K.3/102.7/2022.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no competing interests to disclose for this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by The National Competitive Research Funding Year 2022 from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Indonesia, under The Postgraduate Program-Doctoral Dissertation Research (PPS-PDD) scheme.