Kaposi’s Sarcoma with Primary Lymph Node Involvement in a Retroviral Infected (RVI) Patient

Abstract

One kind of angioproliferative disorder is Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Growth of spindle-shaped cells, edema, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis are its defining features. Because it lacks the typical indicators of malignancy, it is classified as an intermediate neoplasm. People who are immunocompromised, receiving organ transplants, or receiving antiretroviral therapy are linked to KS. Although lymph node involvement by KS is extremely uncommon, when it does occur, it usually manifests as either the epidemic form in (Human Immuno-deficiency) HIV-positive patients or the endemic form in Africans. There are four primary clinical manifestations of KS that have been documented: endemic, epidemic, iatrogenic, and classic. The diagnosis of KS is made by history, physical examination, and tissue biopsy. When treating localized disease, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be sufficient to either improve or completely eradicate the illness. Nonetheless, chemotherapy and HAART would be necessary in the case of widespread illness. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old female patient who is HIV positive and has a viral load that is not detected. She presented with generalized lymphadenopathy of 8 months duration. She had no cutaneous manifestations. The lymphadenopathy involved the tonsils, axilla, inguinal, and an unusual site, intraparotid on both sides. After a pathologic examination of the lymph nodes, she was found to have epidemic-type KS and was treated with HAART and chemotherapy. In our nation, we are not aware of any published case reports pertaining to a case like this. The purpose of this case report is to raise physicians’ awareness of this uncommon ailment and to encourage them to suspect KS when HIV patients exhibit generalized lymphadenopathy. The early initiation of systemic treatment is lifesaving for these patients.

Keywords:

• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• KS
• Human immune-deficiency Virus
• HIV
• human herpes virus-8
• Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome
• AIDS
• generalized lymphadenopathy

Data Sharing Statement

The data used to substantiate the study’s conclusions will be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Ethical Review

The patient granted written informed consent for the publication of this case report, after obtaining authority from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Hawassa University.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge all the managing teams who are directly or indirectly involved in the management of this patient and the authors would like to acknowledge the patient who allowed us to undertake this case report.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

Regarding the materials or procedures utilized in this study or the conclusions presented in this paper, none of the authors disclose any conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

No particular grants from public, private, or nonprofit funding organizations were received for this paperwork.