Anti-Diabetic Effects of the 80% Methanolic Extract of Datura Stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Background

Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.

Methods

Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV–VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The extract of D. stramonium reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for D. stramonium 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with D. stramonium for 14 days   showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 μg/mL.

Conclusion

These findings revealed that the D. stramonium leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.

Keywords:

• antihyperglycemic
• antihyperlipidemic
• antioxidant
• diabetes mellitus
• Datura stramonium

Abbreviations

BGL, Blood Glucose Level; CE, Cholesterol Ester; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; D.S, Datura stramonium; DSLE, Datura stramonium Leaves Extract; FBG, Fasting Blood Glucose; HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein; IC₅₀, Inhibition Concentrations; LD₅₀, Median lethal dose; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; STZ, Streptozotocin; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; VLDL, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein; WHO, World Health Organization.

Data Sharing Statement

All the data that were used during the process of the experiment are available from the corresponding author and proved upon reasonable request.

Ethical Approval

The research was conducted after getting an ethical approval letter with Reference number: SOM/1793/2022 from the School of Medicine Ethical Review Committee, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar. All procedures on mice were carried out in accordance with Guidelines for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.⁵⁰

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the University of Gondar for enabling them to use their laboratory setup to conduct this study. We also like to appreciate Mr. Zelalem Getnet (botanist), for the identification and authentication of the plant material. We would like to express my deepest gratitude to the laboratory assistant for their unwavering assistance during the study.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts interest in this work.