https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0958-2966
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Abstract
Background
Even though it is a protective reaction, inflammation continues to be one of the most challenging medical disorders. The current conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have many undesirable health effects and are in need of newer drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanol crude extract of Premna schimperi leaves.
Methods
Premna schimperi leaf was extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated; the concentrated extract was used to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of Premna schimperi extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered and observed for 14 days. Acute, sub-acute, and chronic anti-inflammatory models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract compared to the standard drug. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 27, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test.
Results
Acute oral toxicity testing at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not show any sign of toxicity. According to the phytochemical study, the plants contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenolics, and anthraquinones. The extract doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of extracts effectively (p<0.001) reduced paw edema in the acute and sub-acute models of inflammation. When compared to the negative control group, all tested doses in the chronic model significantly (p<0.05) decreased the production of exudates and the amount of granuloma tissue.
Conclusion
Premna schimperi displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tested doses inhibit the formation of edema, granulomas, and exudates.
Abbreviations
IRB, Institutional Review Board; NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; PGs, Prostaglandins; OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Data Sharing Statement
The corresponding author will provide all the data sets used and analyzed during the current work upon reasonable request.
Ethical Approval
The ethical approval and clearance were obtained from the institutional review board (IRB) with reference number IRB/151/14 at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences. Experimental animals were handled ethically according to the animal handling standard requirements and guidelines for animal use (OECD, 2008).
Acknowledgments
For their assistance during the study, we are grateful in particular to the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Pawi Health Science College, and Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science. The full thesis of this manuscript is available on the Hawassa University repository at this link: http://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/3650.
Author Contributions
All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.