Defining Personas of People Living with Chronic Pain: An Ethnographic Research Study

Abstract

Introduction

Pain is the leading reason for which people seek medical care in the United States, and chronic pain (CP) affects approximately 50 million people in the US Pain perception is deeply personal, is highly correlated with behavioral and emotional disorders, and is greatly influenced by physiological and environmental factors. The patient-provider relationship can have profound implications for clinical outcomes within the context of treating CP. However, limited access to pain specialists, the complex nature of many CP-causing conditions, the absence of instruments for objective pain measurement, and the need to foster a trust-based patient-provider relationship throughout treatment pose unique challenges.

Objective

To support a more optimal CP care delivery system that leverages a healthy therapeutic patient-provider relationship, we systematically gathered deeper knowledge of the behaviors, interpersonal dynamics, home environment, values, and mindsets of people who experience CP.

Methods

We employed ethnographic research methods to collect and analyze data on views, habits, strategies, attitudes, and life circumstances of a range of participants living with CP. We aggregated, analyzed, and summarized participant data to identify trends and similarities.

Results

Our findings suggest that patients can be broadly categorized into five predominant pain typologies, or “personas”, which are characterized by respective symptom durations, care management preferences, values, communication styles, and behaviors.

Conclusion

Identifying CP personas may enhance the ability to personalize CP care and help foster more robust therapeutic relationships, which may lead to greater trust, improved patient satisfaction, and better clinical outcomes.

Keywords:

• chronic pain
• personas
• biopsychosocial
• doctor–patient relationship

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the following contributors: Judy Cacciola, Navit Keren, Alana Matos, Samantha Murphy, Kirstin Philips, Jeremy Pippin, Nikki Nguyen, Jessica Pei, Alyssa Horneff, Yakov Kagan and Avi Dorfman.

Disclosure

Dr Naum Shaparin reports grants and/or personal fees paid to institution from AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Heron Therapeutics, and Averitas Pharma, outside the submitted work. Dr Michael Schatman reports is a research consultant for Modoscript, Scientific Steering Committee for Collegium Pharma, and Administrative Committee for Syneos Health, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

Clearing (Relief Labs. Inc).