https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-3574
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Abstract
Background
Poisonings are the most common reason for visiting emergency departments and hospitals globally. Poisoning-related mortalities increase instantly, and it is a principal public health problem in Ethiopia. Hence, understanding the treatment outcome and identifying the associated factors is necessary to reduce poisoning-related mortality.
Objective
To assess outcome of poisoning and associated factors among patients admitted to Referral Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods
An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Western Amhara referral hospitals from June 2019 to May 2022. A total of 400 medical charts were reviewed. A stratified sampling technique was used. The data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the outcome of poisoning.
Results
The mortality rate of poisoning was 18% (95% CI: 14.4–22.1). Being rural dwellers (AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.07–6.63), being unconscious (AOR=4.86, 95% CI: 1.89–12.48), not treated in triage area (AOR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.608–13.407), transport by Bajaj (AOR=6.78, 95% CI: 1.86–24.73), spo2 <95% (AOR=4.42, 95% CI: 1.19–10.78), and stayed >48 hours in the hospital (AOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.36) were significantly associated with a mortality of poisoning.
Conclusion
The mortality rate from poisoning was considerably high. Residence, level of consciousness, treatment at the triage area, mode of arrival, Spo2, and prolonged hospital stay were significantly associated. All stakeholders should focus on planning and improving care for patients with poisoning. Improving ambulance service in rural areas and providing treatment at the triage area for all patients are recommended.
Abbreviation
AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; COR, Crude Odd Ratio; DMCSH, Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; DTCSH, Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; ED, Emergency Department; EMCCN, Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing; FHCSH, Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; OP, Organophosphate; OPP, Organophosphate Poisoning; PR, Pulse Rate; RBS, Random Blood Sugar; RR, Respiration Rate; SRS, Simple Random Sampling; SOB, Shortness of breath; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science; SBP, Systolic Blood pressure; TGCSH, Tibebe Gion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; UoGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Special Hospital; WHO, World Health Organization.
Data Sharing Statement
All relevant data are available within the manuscript.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Ethical approval was obtained from the School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar Research and Ethics Committee (Ref No: S/N/245/2014). Since it was a retrospective cross-sectional study, informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. All procedures were made according to the Helsinki declaration. Confidentiality was maintained at all levels of the study.
Acknowledgments
The authors’ heartfelt gratitude goes to the university of Gondar, Northwest Amhara comprehensive Specialized Hospital managers, emergency department coordinators, and medical record room staff and data collectors.
Author Contributions
All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising, or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors have declared that they have no competing interests in this work.