Advanced search
Publication Cover
Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 17, 2023 - Issue
Submit an article Journal homepage
164
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Risk Factors for Meibomian Gland Disease Assessed by Meibography

Christine K Kim1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7573-6176
ORCID Icon,
Steven Carter2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;3 Miramar Eye Specialists Medical Group, Ventura, CA, 93003, USA
,
Cinthia Kim2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-7422
ORCID Icon,
Tara Shooshani1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
,
Urmi Mehta2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;4 St John’s Episcopal Hospital, Far Rockaway, NY, 11691, USA
,
Kailey Marshall2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
,
Ryan G Smith1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;5 Pacific Eye Institute, Upland, CA 91786, USA
,
Alexander Knezevic2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;6 Macy Eye Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA;7 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA;8 Jules Stein Eye Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
,
Kavita Rao1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA;2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
,
Olivia L Lee2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
&
Marjan Farid2 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
 show all
Pages 3331-3339 | Received 01 Jul 2023, Accepted 16 Oct 2023, Published online: 01 Nov 2023
 
Sample our Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days

Abstract

Purpose

To elucidate risk factors for meibomian gland disease (MGD) and understand associated changes in meibography and in relation to ocular surface disease.

Patients and Methods

As part of the standard workup for ocular surface disease at a tertiary academic center, 203 patients received an ocular history and lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire included detailed inquiries about ocular health and lifestyle, including makeup use, cosmetic eyelid procedures, screen time, and contact lens habits. Subjects also took the standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) II questionnaire. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout and structural changes were evaluated on meibography and scored by three independent graders using meiboscores. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant risk factors associated with MG loss.

Results

This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 189 patients (378 eyes) with high-quality images for grading, and the average age was 67 years (77% female). Patients older than 45 years had significantly more dropout than younger patients (p < 0.01). Self-reported eye makeup use did not significantly impact MG loss. Patients with a history of blepharoplasty trended toward higher meiboscores, but the difference was not statistically significant. Self-reported screen time did not affect meiboscores. Contact lens use over 20 years was associated with significant MG loss (p < 0.05). SPEED II scores had no relationship to meiboscores (p = 0.75).

Conclusion

Older age is a significant risk factor for MG loss. Any contact lens use over 20 years also impacted MG dropout. Highlighting the incongruence of symptoms to signs, SPEED II scores showed no relationship to the structural integrity of MGs.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge departmental support from an RPB unrestricted grant.

Disclosure

Dr. Farid, Dr. Smith, and Dr. Knezevic are consultants for Johnson & Johnson Vision. Dr. Lee reports personal fees from Cloudbreak Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Download PDF

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.