Function and Response of Type II Cells to Inhaled Toxicants

Abstract

A review is given of several characteristic features of the mammalian pulmonary type II cell, including morphological, morphometrical, physiological, and biochemical hallmarks. Specific aspects of surfactant, like synthesis, function, and ultrastructure, are described. Cell kinetics in vivo and the influence of toxic agents have been reviewed. The in vitro properties of the type /I cell are discussed, as well as the isolation and culture problems and finally the identification markers of this cell type. The possible causes of pulmonary tolerance after prolonged or repeated exposures to toxic agents are considered in relation to alterations of this cell type. The capacity of this cell type to divide throws special light upon neoplastic formation.