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Journal of Microencapsulation
Micro and Nano Carriers
Volume 12, 1995 - Issue 1
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Research Article

Effect of varying drug loading on particle size distribution and drug release kinetics of verapamil hydrochloride microspheres prepared with cellulose esters

S. B. Bhardwaj SmithKline Beecham, 1500 Littleton Road, Parsippanny, NJ, 07054–3884, USA
,
A. J. Shukla College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
&
C. C. Collins School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
Pages 71-81 | Received 19 Jul 1993, Accepted 21 Aug 1993, Published online: 27 Sep 2008

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Mohan Thakare, Bridgette Israel, Solomon T. Garner, Hisham Ahmed, Pamela Garner, Deborah Elder, James C. Price & Anthony C. Capomacchia. (2013) Formulation parameters and release mechanism of theophylline loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres: effect of different dual surfactant ratios. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 18:5, pages 1213-1219.
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Mitra Jelvehgari, Jaleh Barar, Hadi Valizadeh, Sanam Shadrou & Ali Nokhodchi. (2011) Formulation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of theophylline-loaded Eudragit RS 100 microspheres prepared by an emulsion-solvent diffusion/evaporation technique. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 16:6, pages 637-644.
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Sanjay B. Patil & Krutika K. Sawant. (2009) Development, optimization and in vitro evaluation of alginate mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery. Journal of Microencapsulation 26:5, pages 432-443.
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Karen J. Lewis, William J. Irwin & Saghir Akhtar. (1998) Development of a Sustained-Release Biodegradable Polymer Delivery System for Site-Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides: Characterization of P(LA-GA) Copolymer Microspheres In Vitro. Journal of Drug Targeting 5:4, pages 291-302.
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Hussein Allaboun, Khouloud A. Alkhamis & Suhair S. Al-Nimry. (2023) Preparation of Sustained Release Formulation of Verapamil Hydrochloride Using Ion Exchange Resins. AAPS PharmSciTech 24:5.
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Chih-Hsin Cheng, Ya-Shun Chen, Hsu-Ting Chang, Kai-Chi Chang, Ssu-Meng Huang, Shih-Ming Liu & Wen-Cheng Chen. (2023) In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of synergistically cross-linked gelatin-alginate hydrogel beads as gentamicin carriers. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 79, pages 104078.
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Paolo Trucillo. (2022) Drug Carriers: A Review on the Most Used Mathematical Models for Drug Release. Processes 10:6, pages 1094.
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Rozak, Dandi Irawanto, Reynaldo L. A. Wardana, Fakhri Muhammad, Indar Kustiningsih & Jayanudin. Size diameter prediction of urea fertilizer microcapsules using dimensionless numbers: The influence of chitosan solution concentration and stirring speed. Size diameter prediction of urea fertilizer microcapsules using dimensionless numbers: The influence of chitosan solution concentration and stirring speed.
Shu Yen Cheng, John O. Akindoyo, Mariatti Jaafar & Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid. (2020) Effect of Formulation Variables on the Performance of Doxycycline-Loaded PLA Microsphere. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 45:9, pages 7419-7428.
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Jayanudin, Moh. Fahrurrozi, Sang Kompiang Wirawan & Rochmadi. (2019) Antioxidant activity and controlled release analysis of red ginger oleoresin (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) encapsulated in chitosan cross-linked by glutaraldehyde saturated toluene. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 12, pages 100132.
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Jayanudin, Moh. Fahrurrozi, Sang Kompiang Wirawan & Rochmadi. (2019) Preparation of Chitosan Microcapsules Containing Red Ginger Oleoresin Using Emulsion Crosslinking Method. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17:1, pages 228080001880991.
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Ruben Gracia, Cristina Yus, Olga Abian, Gracia Mendoza, Silvia Irusta, Victor Sebastian, Vanesa Andreu & Manuel Arruebo. (2018) Enzyme structure and function protection from gastrointestinal degradation using enteric coatings. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 119, pages 413-422.
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Farshid Hassanzadeh, Elahe Mahmoudi, Jaleh Varshosaz, Ghadam Ali Khodarahmi, Mahboubeh Rostami, Mostafa Ghanadian & Nasim Dana. (2018) Novel NGR anchored pullulan micelles for controlled and targeted delivery of doxorubicin to HeLa cancerous cells. Iranian Polymer Journal 27:4, pages 263-274.
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Ashlesha P. Pandit, Saurabh A. Patel, Vandana P. Bhanushali, Vinit S. Kulkarni & Vrushali D. Kakad. (2016) Nebivolol-Loaded Microsponge Gel for Healing of Diabetic Wound. AAPS PharmSciTech 18:3, pages 846-854.
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Tarek A. Ahmed & Khalid M. El-Say. (2016) Transdermal film-loaded finasteride microplates to enhance drug skin permeation: Two-step optimization study. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 88, pages 246-256.
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David Cheng Thiam Tan, William Wei Lim Chin, En Hui Tan, Shiqi Hong, Wei Gu & Rajeev Gokhale. (2014) Effect of binders on the release rates of direct molded verapamil tablets using twin-screw extruder in melt granulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 463:1, pages 89-97.
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Christianne Mounir Zaki Rizkalla, Randa latif Aziz & Iman Ibrahim Soliman. (2011) In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Microsponges for Topical Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 12:3, pages 989-1001.
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A. Zaky, A. Elbakry, A. Ehmer, M. Breunig & A. Goepferich. (2010) The mechanism of protein release from triglyceride microspheres. Journal of Controlled Release 147:2, pages 202-210.
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Jita Liu, Sui Y Chan & Paul C Ho. (2002) Polymer-coated microparticles for the sustained release of nitrofurantoin. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54:9, pages 1205-1212.
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Satyanarayan Pattnaik, Swain Kalpana, Parthagan Choudhury, Pradeepta K. Acharya & Subrata Mallick. (2009) Alfuzosin hydrochloride transdermal films: evaluation of physicochemical, in vitro human cadaver skin permeation and thermodynamic parameters. International braz j urol 35:6, pages 716-729.
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Kevin J. Edgar. (2006) Cellulose esters in drug delivery. Cellulose 14:1, pages 49-64.
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Mayur G. Sankalia, Rajshree C. Mashru, Jolly M. Sankalia & Vijay B. Sutariya. (2006) Physicochemical Characterization of Papain Entrapped in Ionotropically Cross-Linked Kappa-Carrageenan Gel Beads for Stability Improvement Using Doehlert Shell Design. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 95:9, pages 1994-2013.
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Mayur G. Sankalia, Rajshree C. Mashru, Jolly M. Sankalia & Vijay B. Sutariya. (2006) Stability improvement of alpha-amylase entrapped in kappa-carrageenan beads: Physicochemical characterization and optimization using composite index. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 312:1-2, pages 1-14.
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B. Bahar Horoz, Müge Kiliçarslan, Nilüfer Yüksel & Tamer Baykara. (2017) Influence of aluminum tristearate and sucrose stearate as the dispersing agents on physical properties and release characteristics of Eudragit RS microspheres. AAPS PharmSciTech 7:1, pages E111-E117.
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Sridhar Duvvuri, Kumar Gaurav Janoria & Ashim K. Mitra. (2006) Effect of Polymer Blending on the Release of Ganciclovir from PLGA Microspheres. Pharmaceutical Research 23:1, pages 215-223.
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Sridhar Duvvuri, Kumar Gaurav Janoria & Ashim K. Mitra. (2005) Development of a novel formulation containing poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres dispersed in PLGA–PEG–PLGA gel for sustained delivery of ganciclovir. Journal of Controlled Release 108:2-3, pages 282-293.
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Nadia Passerini, Beatrice Perissutti, Beatrice Albertini, Dario Voinovich, Mariarosa Moneghini & Lorenzo Rodriguez. (2003) Controlled release of verapamil hydrochloride from waxy microparticles prepared by spray congealing. Journal of Controlled Release 88:2, pages 263-275.
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O. Sipahigil & B. Dortunç. (2001) Preparation and in vitro evaluation of verapamil HCl and ibuprofen containing carrageenan beads. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 228:1-2, pages 119-128.
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V. Sereti, H. Stamatis, C. Pappas, M. Polissiou & F.N. Kolisis. (2001) Enzymatic acylation of hydroxypropyl cellulose in organic media and determination of ester formation by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 72:4, pages 495-500.
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Tamotsu KONDO. (2001) Microcapsules. Their Science and Technology. Part III. Industrial, Medical, and Pharmaceutical Applications.. Journal of Oleo Science 50:3, pages 143-152.
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Robert Sparks, Irwin Jacobs & Norbert Mason. 1998. Pharmaceutical Unit Operations. Pharmaceutical Unit Operations 177 222 .

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