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Research Article

Osmol gaps revisited: Normal values and limitations

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Pages 81-93 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Sarah Denise Holzman, Jaiva Larsen, Ramandeep Kaur, Geoffrey Smelski, Steven Dudley & Farshad Mazda Shirazi. (2021) Death by hand sanitizer: syndemic methanol poisoning in the age of COVID-19. Clinical Toxicology 59:11, pages 1009-1014.
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Emily T. Cohen, Mark K. Su, Rana Biary & Robert S. Hoffman. (2021) Distinguishing between toxic alcohol ingestion vs alcoholic ketoacidosis: how can we tell the difference?. Clinical Toxicology 59:8, pages 715-720.
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K. Berend & A. J. Duits. (2019) The role of the clinical laboratory in diagnosing acid–base disorders. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 56:3, pages 147-169.
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Khaled Trabelsi, Stephen R. Stannard, Hamdi Chtourou, Wacim Moalla, Hanène Ghozzi, Kamel Jamoussi & Ahmed Hakim. (2018) Monitoring athletes’ hydration status and sleep patterns during Ramadan observance: methodological and practical considerations. Biological Rhythm Research 49:3, pages 337-365.
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Gulvahid Shaikh, Rahul Sehgal, Sukhdeep Sandhu, Suneetha Vaddineni, Joshua Fogel & Sofia Rubinstein. (2014) Changes in osmol gap in chronic kidney disease: an exploratory study. Renal Failure 36:2, pages 198-201.
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S. D. Carstairs, J. R. Suchard, T. Smith, L. V. Simon, C. J. Kalynych, M. Shimada & D. A. Tanen. (2013) Response to Letter: Contribution of Serum Ethanol Concentration to the Osmol Gap: a Prospective Volunteer Study. Clinical Toxicology 51:8, pages 811-811.
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Payal Sud, Lewis S. Nelson, Matthew Bouchard & Wailliam W. Lee. (2013) Contribution of serum ethanol concentration to the osmol gap: a prospective volunteer study. Clinical Toxicology 51:8, pages 810-810.
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S. D. Carstairs, J. R. Suchard, T. Smith, L. V. Simon, C. J. Kalynych, M. Shimada & D. A. Tanen. (2013) Contribution of serum ethanol concentration to the osmol gap: a prospective volunteer study. Clinical Toxicology 51:5, pages 398-401.
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Alexander Garrard, Dawn R. Sollee, Ryan C. Butterfield, Laura Johannsen, Adam Wood & Roger L. Bertholf. (2012) Validation of a pre-existing formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolar gap. Clinical Toxicology 50:7, pages 562-566.
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Knut Erik Hovda, Joar Julsrud, Steinar ØvrebØ, Odd BrØrs & Dag Jacobsen. (2011) Studies on ethylene glycol poisoning: One patient – 154 admissions. Clinical Toxicology 49:6, pages 478-484.
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Leo J. Schep, Robin J. Slaughter, Wayne A. Temple & D. Michael G. Beasley. (2009) Diethylene glycol poisoning. Clinical Toxicology 47:6, pages 525-535.
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Heather Miller, Donald G. Barceloux, Edward P. Krenzelok, Kent Olson & William Watson. (1999) American Academy of Clinical Toxicology Practice Guidelines on the Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 37:5, pages 537-560.
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Dag Jacobsen & Kenneth E. McMartin. (1997) Antidotes for Methanol and Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 35:2, pages 127-143.
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Nicholas A. Buckley, Ian M. Whyte & Andrew H. Dawson. (1994) Osmolal Gap. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 32:1, pages 93-95.
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P. Demedts, A. Wauters, R. Daelemans, E. Van Boeckel & H. Neels. (1994) Osmol Gap vs. Residual Osmolality or Excess Osmolal Gap. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 32:1, pages 89-91.
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E. A. Price, A. D'alessandro, T. Kearney, K. R. Olson & P. D. Blanc. (1994) Osmolar gap with Minimal Acidosis in Combined Methanol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Ingestion. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 32:1, pages 79-84.
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Kyle D. Pires, Ravi Uppal, Robert S. Hoffman & Rana Biary. Minding the osmol gap: a sentinel event and subsequent laboratory investigation. Clinical Toxicology 0:0, pages 1-3.
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