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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 63, 2024 - Issue 1
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Mineral Processing

Evaluation of the statistical reliability of micro-flotation experiments using a hallimond flotation cell

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Pages 153-162 | Received 09 Sep 2022, Accepted 15 Dec 2022, Published online: 26 Dec 2022
 

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the evaluation of the statistical reliability of micro-flotation experiments using a Hallimond flotation cell. The study was conducted by three experimental analysts using different micro-flotation conditions and samples. Statistical analysis of 20 micro-flotation experiments was performed. Using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the data from all experiments were found to come from a normal distribution. The coefficient of variation ranged from 0.5% to 8.2%. The high variability was mainly justified by the poor reproducibility of the bubble size distribution; this was corroborated by the high deviation of the estimated mean bubble size in the experiments, which was 742 ± 249 µm. A frequency histogram showed that although extreme values up to 21.3% could appear, 70% of the experiments had coefficient of variation less than 4%. The Asymptotic Test and the Modified Signed-likelihood Ratio Test showed that there were not statistically significant differences between the variability of the 20 micro-flotation experiments. The overall confidence interval for the coefficient of variation from 2.2% to 4.5% was established. The coefficient of variation tended to decrease when the repetitions of the micro-flotation experiments increased. The main source of variability of the micro-flotation experiments conducted in the Hallimond cell is the repeatability of the method.

Cet article présente l’évaluation de la fiabilité statistique d’expériences de micro-flottation à l’aide d’une cellule de flottation Hallimond. L'étude a été menée par trois analystes expérimentaux utilisant des conditions de micro-flottation et des échantillons différents. On a réalisé l’analyse statistique de 20 expériences de micro-flottation. En utilisant le test de Kolmogorov–Smirnov, les données de toutes les expériences se sont avérées provenir d’une distribution normale. Le coefficient de variation fluctuait de 0.5% à 8.2%. La variabilité élevée était principalement justifiée par la mauvaise reproductibilité de la distribution de la taille des bulles dans ce type de cellules de laboratoire; ceci était corroboré par l’écart élevé de la taille moyenne des bulles estimée dans les expériences, laquelle était de 742 ± 249 μm. Un histogramme de fréquence a montré que même si des valeurs extrêmes jusqu’à 21.3% pouvaient apparaître, 70% des expériences avaient un coefficient de variation inférieur à 4%. Le test asymptotique et le test du rapport de vraisemblance signé modifié ont montré qu'il n'y avait pas de différences statistiquement significatives entre la variabilité des 20 expériences de microflottation. L’intervalle de confiance global pour le coefficient de variation de 2.2% à 4.5% a été établi. Le coefficient de variation tendait à diminuer lorsque les répétitions des expériences de micro-flottation augmentaient. La principale source de variabilité des expériences de microflottation réalisées dans la cellule de Hallimond est la répétabilité de la méthode.

Acknowledgments

Javier E. Vilasó-Cadre would like to thank the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the postgraduate scholarship under grant No.1035456. I.A. Reyes and E.J. Gutiérrez would like to extend a special acknowledgment to CONACYT for the professorship assigned at the Institute of Metallurgy of the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. The authors thank Martha Franco Vázquez for technical assistance.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Mexican National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT): [Grant Number 1035456].

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