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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 63, 2024 - Issue 2
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Extractive Hydrometallurgy

Study of cadmium ions cementation with zinc powder from high-cadmium-concentration zinc sulphate solutions

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Pages 551-562 | Received 23 Nov 2022, Accepted 16 Mar 2023, Published online: 24 Mar 2023
 

ABSTRACT

The recovery of metals from industrial and metallurgical effluents is crucial to minimise the environmental and economic impacts associated with the generation and disposal of these solutions. Therefore, this study uses zinc powder for the cementation of cadmium from a high-cadmium-concentration zinc sulphate solution. This study investigates the dependence of cadmium removal efficiency on the initial copper concentration, solution pH, stoichiometric ratio of added zinc, temperature, particle size, zinc powder activation and mode of zinc addition. The results show the possibility of achieving a cadmium removal efficiency 90–95% under optimal conditions. The reaction kinetics calculations revealed an activation energy of 11.89 kJ mol–1, indicating a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism and the possibility to reduce the limitations of the controlling step by increasing the stirring rate during the cementation process. These observations provide further understanding and guidance toward the efficient utilisation of cadmium cementation to prepare sponge cadmium in zinc hydrometallurgy.

La récupération des métaux à partir des effluents industriels et métallurgiques est cruciale pour minimiser les impacts environnementaux et économiques associés à la production et à l’élimination de ces solutions. Par conséquent, cette étude utilise de la poudre de zinc pour la cémentation du cadmium à partir d’une solution de sulfate de zinc à concentration élevée en cadmium. L’étude examine la dépendance de l’efficacité d’élimination du cadmium sur la concentration initiale de cuivre, le pH de la solution, le rapport stoechiométrique du zinc ajouté, la température, la taille des particules, l’activation de la poudre de zinc et le mode d’addition de zinc. Les résultats montrent la possibilité d’atteindre une efficacité d’élimination du cadmium de 90-95% dans les conditions optimales. Les calculs de la cinétique de réaction ont révélé une énergie d’activation de 11.89 kJ mol–1, indiquant un mécanisme de réaction contrôlé par diffusion et la possibilité de réduire les limitations de l’étape de contrôle en augmentant la vitesse d’agitation pendant le procédé de cémentation. Ces observations fournissent une meilleure compréhension et des directives vers l’utilisation efficace de la cémentation au cadmium pour préparer le cadmium spongieux dans l’hydrométallurgie du zinc.

Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 51964029; 51964031).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Numbers 51964029; 51964031].

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